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This study analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case studies investigating Chuna manual therapy and variations of this term, for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. On June 15 th , 2019, 6 online databases were used to retrieve studies. A total of 527 articles were retrieved, and 14 RCTs and 20 case studies were selected for review. Typically, the frequency of Chuna therapy was 1-2 times/week. The most common period of treatment was 12 months in RCTs and 3-6 months in case studies. Cobb's angle was the most frequent evaluation index used (11 RCTs and 20 case studies). In control groups, brace treatment was used in 8 RCTs. In 6 RCTs and 20 case studies, Cobb's angle significantly decreased after Chuna therapy, and in 4 RCTs, Chuna therapy was as effective as brace treatment, with no significant difference between groups. Adverse events were not reported except for minor reactions in only 3 case studies. This review suggested that Chuna therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was more advantageous than and as effective as brace treatment in most cases, although the risk of bias in 13 RCTs was unclear.
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated macrophages (RAW 264.7 murine cell line) to JCE003 which is an extract including Eucommia ulmoides, Juglans regia, Eleutherococcus senticosus, and Zingiber officinale. Methods: An MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was performed to analyze the survival rate of RAW 264.7 cells. The production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Exposure of LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells to JCE003 was not cytotoxic up to 400 μg/mL, but cell survival was statistically significantly decreased at 800 μg/mL (p < 0.001). Nitric oxide production was not markedly lowered in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by exposure to JCE003 (10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μl/mL) compared with the Control group. In addition, JCE003 reduced the production of TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at 400 μg/mL (p < 0.05), but IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was decreased at 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL JCE003 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that JCE003 inhibited the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of new Korean medicine anti-inflammatory drugs.
Spherical harmonics power spectrum of the geopotential field of Gaussian-bell type on the sphere was investigated using integral formula that is associated with Legendre polynomials. The geopotential field of Gaussian-bell type is defined as a function of sine of angular distance from the bell's center in order to guarantee the continuity on the global domain. Since the integral-formula associated with the Legendre polynomials was represented with infinite series of polynomial, an estimation method was developed to make the procedure computationally efficient while preserving the accuracy. The spherical harmonics power spectrum was shown to vary significantly depending on the scale parameter of the Gaussian bell. Due to the accurate procedure of the new method, the power (degree variance) spanning over orders that were far higher than machine roundoff was well explored. When the scale parameter (or width) of the Gaussian bell is large, the spectrum drops sharply with the total wavenumber. On the other hand, in case of small scale parameter the spectrum tends to be flat, showing very slow decaying with the total wavenumber. The accuracy of the new method was compared with theoretical values for various scale parameters. The new method was found advantageous over discrete numerical methods, such as Gaussian quadrature and Fourier method, in that it can produce the power spectrum with accuracy and computational efficiency for all range of total wavenumber. The results of present study help to determine the allowable maximum scale parameter of the geopotential field when a Gaussian-bell type is adopted as a localized function.
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common disease in elderly individuals. Many medications for KOA have the potential to cause side effects. We used Juglandis semen complex extract (JCE) consisting of 4 herbs derived from Cheong-A-Won, which has been commonly used for KOA treatment. In this study, we will evaluate whether JCE improves symptoms in patients with KOA and will identify the changes in the inflammation factor. Methods: This study will be a single-center, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Three groups, JCE 1000 mg, 2000 mg, and placebo, will be randomly allocated. Total duration of the clinical trial will be 12 to 14 weeks. Study participants will be followed up every 6 weeks and the effect and safety will be assessed at the 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th visit. All participants were asked to maintain a dosage schedule for this protocol. The primary outcomes will be measured using Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Questionnaire and the secondary outcomes will include pain Visual analog scale score, EuroQol Five Dimensions questionnaire, Patient Global Impression of Change, and the changes in the laboratory test parameters of inflammation. Repeated-measure analysis will be used to measure primary efficacy based on full analysis set. Discussion: This study has limited inclusion and exclusion criteria and a well-controlled intervention, and it will be the first randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of JCE in patients with KOA. This study provides insights into the mechanisms that explain the therapeutic effects of JCE in KOA and will lay the groundwork for further studies.
Background: This was a retrospective review of published articles reporting acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of peroneal nerve palsy. Methods: On-line database searches were carried out using; Cochrane Library, Pubmed, CNKI, NDSL and OASIS to find articles reporting acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for peroneal nerve palsy. Duplicate articles and studies that were not relevant to the topic were excluded, along with review articles and commentaries. Results: 20 studies were selected, 18 clinical case studies (47 patients) and 2 randomized controlled trials (154 patients). Intervention treatments included acupuncture, moxibustion, bee-venom (BV), pharmacopuncture, electroacupuncture and acupotomy. Surprisingly, although peroneal nerve palsy is not a very rare disease, only 2 studies out of 20 carried out a randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: Although studies to date report the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment in peroneal nerve palsy patients, the absence of objective evaluation and the absence in the reporting of sideeffects remains an issue.
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