This paper discusses the implementation of an efficient anti-collision algorithm for RFID systems. Conventional TDMA methods do not show a high efficiency and speediness in collision detection and do not take into account the spatial characteristics of tags distribution. By combining the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access) algorithms, the proposed approach takes into account the characteristics of the tag position in the reading area of the reader. Knowing that the SDMA method is based on the principle of Digital Beam Forming (DB F), we used the FFT and IFFT blocks to form the different beams and the OFDM technique to meet the orthogonality condition. We then divided the space into two subsets of beams and applied the TDMA method to detect any collision. The developed RFID anti-collision SDMA system has been coded by VHDL and simulated using the ISE software for FPGA implementation.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is one of the most important branches of the automatic identification technology which achieves the identification of targets by contactless communications. One of the major challenges for RFID systems is to avoid or solve collisions due to interference that might occur between tags which decrease the efficiency of RFID system. This paper focused on a detailed comparative performance evaluation study and an adoption of certain algorithms of anti-collision for passive RFID system, for the two families of solving collision: deterministic (according to the: QTA, CTTA, BS-QTA, BS-CTTA) and stochastic (ALOHA, SLOTTED ALOHA, np-CSMA). The simulation results for the two families that we get with protocols evaluation are based on their own proper evaluation parameters. Thus, for evaluating the simulation of the stochastic family, we have proposed a new performance metric which judges and correctly evaluates this anti-collision protocol; which is: the number of identified tags versus to the time. This metric provides a direct measure of the time taken to read a group of tags.
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