Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the toxic pollutants which is resulted from the emission of mobile sources and immovable sources. The inhaled CO will go into the lungs then into the bloodstrea. For instance, it will compete with oxygen to bind the hemoglobin. CO-hemoglobin bond forms hemoglobin carboxy (HbCO) which is 200-300 times stronger than the oxygen bond with Hb. As consequence, oxygen is pushed out from its bond with Hb. This study aims to determine the description of blood HbCO levels in the community of Demeling Hamlet due to CO exposure from roads located in Gedangan and cooking oil factory nearby.This research is descriptive research with cross sectional approach. Samples of HbCO in blood were taken from 12 housewives aas respondets who domiciled in Dusun Demeling and samples of CO in the air (5 points). Technique of sampling in this study used technique of Purposive Sampling. Data collected is analyzed using tabulation descriptively in the form of tables.The results showed that HbCO levels in the blood of respondents living nearby Gedangan had an average of 9.98% and respondents living close to the cooking oil factory with an average of 8.68%. Average of ambient CO levels in the air around Gedangan was 11456.04 μg / Nm3 and area near the cooking oil factory was 2063.07 μg / Nm3. Respondents aged > 40 years had an average HbCO in blood of 11.54% and the age of ≤40 years had an average of 6.24%.Respondents living> 5 years had an average HbCO of 9.34%. Respondents whose location near Gedangan roads had average HbCO levels higher than respondents near the cooking oil factory because motor vehicle activity lasts for 24 hours. At last, to reduce CO content in the ambient air, it is hoped that people can create green environment by planting plants around their house. Keywords : HbCO content, Carbon monoxide, Road
Rumah sakit adalah institusi pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan perorangan secara paripurna yang menyediakan pelayanan rawat inap, rawat jalan, dan gawat darurat. Limbah rumah sakit adalah semua limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan rumah sakit dalam bentuk padat, cair, dan gas. Pengelolaan limbah medis merupakan bagian dari kegiatan penyehatan lingkungan di rumah sakit untuk melindungi masyarakat dari bahaya pencemaran lingkungan dan upaya penanggulangan penyebaran penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui manajemen pengelolaan limbah medis padat berdasarkan fungsi manajemen (POAC), dan sumber daya yang ada (5 M) di Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya Ahmad Yani.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deksriptif. Objek penelitia ini yaitu karakteristik limbah medis padat, dan sistem pengelolaan limbah medis padat berdasarkan fungsi manajemen serta sumber daya sebagai pendukung. Subjek penelitian ini adalah responden yaitu bagian seksi kesehatan lingkungan yang khusus menangani tentang pengelolaan limbah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan secara obyek yang diteliti.Hasil dari penelitian mengenai Manajemen Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat di Rumah Sakit Islam Surabaya Ahmad Yani Tahun 2018 pada karakteristik limbah medis padat termasuk kategori tidak kompleks (jenis limbah medis hanya 5 golongan), pengelolaan limbah medis padat tahap pemilahan sebesar 100% (baik), tahap pewadahan sebesar 100% (baik), tahap pengangkutan sebesar 94,4% (baik), tahap penyimpanan sementara sebesar 90,0% (baik), tahap pengolahan dan pemusnahan sebesar 100% (baik), rata-rata hasil yang didapatkan semua tahap pengelolaan limbah medis padat sebesar 96,88%.Kesimpulannya untuk Manajemen Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat di RSI Surabaya Ahmad Yani Tahun 2018 termasuk kategori baik. Saran yang diberikan kepada RSI Surabaya yaitu membuat jadwal pengangkutan yang jelas dengan pihak ketiga, dan memperjelas tanda jalur kotor untuk pengangkutan limbah menuju TPS.Kata Kunci : Limbah Medis Padat, Pengelolaan, Rumah Sakit
The city of Surabaya has 60 villages that have been verified as Open Defecation Free (ODF) from 154 villages with 867,009 households, and there are 94 villages that are still defecated around 14,900 households. In the implementation of the ODF program there are several problems so that indicators of the success of the ODF program are not achieved. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the ODF program in the Surabaya City Region.This type of research is a survey using an explanatory squared mixed metods design. The research sample was 65 people, namely health workers, community leaders and the community. The variables in this study are the causal factors and the implementation of the ODF program. Data collection is done by questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used inferential statistical analysis with Spearman rank correlation test.The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the ODF program is not in accordance with the plan and lacks supervision of the target. Based on hypothesis testing using the Spearman rank test, that all independent variables are significantly associated with the implementation of ODF programs. The dominant factor in implementing the ODF program is education because the correlation value is 0.769 with a strong level of relationship.The implementation of the ODF program is in the less category so that it is necessary to periodically monitor targets and technical guidance activities related to the implementation of the ODF program to increase knowledge, the role of health workers and the role of community leaders, as well as further research with representative samples.Keywords: Implementation, Open Defecation Free (ODF)
BACKGROUND: Waste cooking oil (WCO) is overused for frying food can be a series of chemical changes, such as rancid, oxidation, and decomposition. Most of the secretion of toxic compounds are a product of oxidizing fatty acids, especially double-unsaturated fatty acids. The intervention of stirrer chamber unit and utilization of chicken egg’s shell as an absorbent is known to be able to improve the quality of WCO, includes reducing the number of peroxide and the free fatty acids (FFA). AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the powdered chicken egg’s shell on the number of peroxide and the WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber. METHODS: The research design used a simple experiment type post-test only Control Group Design. The subject was divided randomly into two groups, the treatment was given to one group as a control group and another group (other treatment) as an experimental group. The WCO sample called “Jelantah” for each treatment was 100 ml as much as 48 samples. The replication was carried out twice with 24 treatments of the mass of egg’s shell powder that was 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g at a stirring time for 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min before and after heating 35°C using 150 rpm of stirring speed. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the data were analyzed by Anova statistical test. RESULTS: Based on the result from this research showed that the original WCO contained the number of peroxide and FFA exceeded the quality standard of SNI 3741 (2013) that is 16.7 MekO2/kg and 0.69% in sequence. The average number of peroxide of control group before heating was 15.31 MekO2/kg and after heating was 17.4 MekO2/kg, while the FFA before heating was 0.61%, and after heating was 0.71%. The number of peroxide of the treatment group before heating was 12.83 MekO2/kg and after heating was 6.98 MekO2/kg, while the FFA content before heating was 0.46% and after heating was 0.25%. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that chicken egg’s shell powder could minimize the content of peroxide and WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber.
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