Background: There has been a considerable endeavor to understand associated challenges of caregiving for a child with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and to develop the necessary skills and approaches to assist parents of children with ASD. Different studies have been stressed the importance and need for parental involvement in the intervention process to increase positive impacts. Methods: The process of caregiving and the associated challenges should be understood from different aspects to be able to facilitate parent involvement in intervention implementation. In a narrative literature review, ten selected reviews were considered and each review considered a special aspect of caregiving for an individual with ASD. Results: Five main different factors in the available literature and reviews were considered as different themes that needed to be reconsidered in the studies on the impacts of caregiving for an individual with ASD. Conclusions: It is concluded that to facilitate parental involvement in the intervention process, and to support caregivers of this group of individuals this review highlights the need for improved research in some proposed areas in this field and to bridge the gap between research and practice in this field.
Every human being always tried to define death to reach a solution to life, maybe forever. He always faced with such questions: what is death? When can we say somebody died? We have two main approaches in medicine to define death: Cardiopulmonary death, which means the irreversible cessation of the cardiopulmonary system (heart and lungs), and brain death which means the irreversible cessation of brain functions. The second approach promoted by way of using ventilators, which could revive brain death Patients. So brain functions became the most important criterion to define death. Now the question is: if the irreversible cessation of cognitive activities in the brain is the criterion to define death or the irreversible cessation of the cardiopulmonary system? Moreover, if we choose the first, which property or function can be the criterion to define cognitive activity? According to this study's findings, it is concluded that the irreversible cessation of cognitive activities in the brain is the criterion to define death. Accordingly, human beings are trying to find a reason why awareness is the right criterion to define cognitive activity.
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