Objective This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of written exposure therapy (WET) in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iranian women with breast cancer. Secondary aims included examining the influence of WET on quality of life (QoL), overgeneral memory and illness perceptions. Method Forty‐six females with breast cancer and clinical symptoms of PTSD referred to the Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran were randomly assigned to either WET (n = 23) or control (n = 23) groups. WET is a 5‐session low‐intensity exposure‐based intervention for treating PTSD. The control group had no additional contact. Measures assessing PTSD, illness perceptions, overgeneral memory, and QoL were administered at baseline, post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up. Results Acceptability of WET was high; all participants completed all WET sessions. At post‐intervention, 95.65% of the WET group met criteria for reliable change and 100% met criteria for minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and clinically significant change in PTSD symptom improvement. At follow‐up, all WET participants met criteria for reliable change, MCID and clinically significant change in PTSD symptom improvement. No participants in the control group met reliable change, MCID or clinically significant change. The WET group had improved QoL and memory specificity and decreased threatening illness perceptions at post‐intervention and follow‐up when compared to controls. Conclusion WET may be a useful intervention for use with breast cancer patients with PTSD symptoms and may be an important adjunct to medical and pharmacological treatments, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study indicates further research in this area is warranted.
Objective This study compared cognitive control (working memory, interference control, perseveration) and cognitive emotion regulation among Iranian women with depression who had attempted suicide, had only suicidal ideation, and healthy controls. Method Participants (N = 75) completed a clinical interview, cognitive control tasks, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results Those with suicidal ideation or previous attempts had poorer cognitive control and cognitive emotion regulation than controls. Furthermore, those who had attempted suicide had poorer cognitive control and reported greater use of self‐blame, rumination, and catastrophizing, and less use of acceptance, than those with suicidal ideation only. There was an indirect effect of cognitive control deficits on suicidality through cognitive emotion regulation (self‐blame, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing). Conclusions Exploring these cognitive deficits and difficulties can assist in further understanding the risk factors for suicidality and improve targeted interventions. This is of particular relevance in Iran where the need for policies and interventions targeting the prevention of suicide has been identified.
The internal and external validity of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) relative to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN) was evaluated herein with Farsi-speaking adults. A total of 837 Iranian adults assessed throughout the whole country (54.72% women, Mage = 23.85; SD = 7.05; age range = 18 to 58 years; 75% between 18 and 24 years old; reporting higher educational training) completed self-report measures of CDS, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), depression, anxiety, and stress. Seven of the fifteen CDS symptoms showed a good convergent (high loadings on the CDS factor) and discriminant (higher loadings on the CDS factor than the ADHD-IN factor) validity. CDS also showed stronger first-order and unique associations with depression than ADHD-IN, whereas ADHD-IN showed stronger first-order and unique associations with ADHD-HI and anxiety than CDS. The first-order and unique associations of CDS and ADHD-IN did not differ in relation to stress. This study is the first to support the validity of the self-report of assessing CDS symptoms with the Adult Concentration Inventory with Farsi-speaking individuals residing in Iran, thus further strengthening the transcultural validity of the CDS, and paving the way for further transcultural research in the field of CDS among adults.
Background: Down syndrome is the most common congenital chromosomal disorders. This disorder is the most common genetically cause of mental retardation. This study examined the effectiveness of the training activities of sensory -motor (sensory stimulation) on gross motor skills in children 5 to 7 year-old with Down syndrome. In this study, participant consisted from children aged 5 to 7 years old who were members of Iranian Down syndrome society. The aim of investigation was the effectiveness of sensory -motor influence (sensory stimulation) on gross motor skills in children 5 to 7 year old with Down syndrome. Materials and Methods: The present study had an experimental design and a pre test, post test plan with control group were used. For this purpose 24 children (aged 5-7 years old) were choose randomly from the Down Syndrome Association. Subjects were divided in two groups (experimental and control each 12 children) randomly. Treatment sessions were 16 with duration of 35 minutes Under the influence of sensory stimulation therapy (activities of sensory -motor).The control group didn't receive any intervention The research instrument was used in this study was Lincoln Oseretsky motor development Scale. The collected data were analyzed by covariance. Results: Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the training of sensory stimulation and gross motor skill development in children with Down syndrome. (P<0. 001) Conclusion:Sensory stimulation and early education of children with Down syndrome by motor abilities will make them self-efficacy and independent.
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