Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a prevalent problem in the female population in Iran. A subjective assessment instrument that allows cross-cultural comparison of FSD is urgently needed. Aim The aims of the study were to translate, validate, and enhance cross-cultural comparability of an Iranian version (IV) of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)—the IV-FSFI. Methods A total of 448 women (19–54 years, mean 29.7, standard deviation 7.3) from five different Iranian outpatient obstetrics and gynecology clinics were eligible for this study. The IV-FSFI was developed through forward and backward translation, revision by a research team, and a subsequent pilot study. After an interview for clinical diagnosis of FSD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, all participants completed the IV-FSFI for the validation study. Three hundred sixty-two women completed the IV-FSFI again, 4 weeks after the first visit. Main Outcome Measures Test–retest reliability was determined by Pearson’s product-moment correlations. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated by principal component analysis using varimax rotation and by subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Discriminant validity was assessed with between-groups analysis of variance. Results The overall test–retest reliability coefficients were high for each domain of the IV-FSFI (r ranging from 0.73 to 0.86) and the internal consistencies within the acceptable range (α from 0.72 to 0.90). Principal component analysis with varimax rotation revealed a best fitting five-factor structure similar to the original FSFI (χ2 = 2.1, degree of freedom = 17, P < 0.001). CFA confirmed the underlying domain structure, supporting the factorial validity of the IV-FSFI. Conclusions In conclusion, the newly developed IV-FSFI has demonstrated to be a reliable and valid instrument with good psychometric properties that allows a quick and accurate preliminary screening of women with unknown sexual health status in clinics and other medical settings.

There is a need to better understand the measurement of hope within a variety of cross-cultural contexts and older population. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Persian translation of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-Persian). This study used a sample of 500 Iranian older people in Iran. Psychometric properties of the HHI-Persian were evaluated using face, content, and construct validity. The construct validity of the instrument was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability assessed is within the acceptable range. Construct validity of the scale showed two factors explaining 49.22% of the variance. Internal consistency of 12 items was greater than .70. The HHI-Persian is a short, reliable, and valid assessment scale of hope in older people. The article ends with suggestions for further research.

Aim The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the behaviour of regular physical activity in patients with hypertension using the health action process approach (HAPA) model. Design This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 176 hypertension patients, in Astaneh‐e‐Ashrafiyeh, Guilan, Iran, 2018–2019. Methods Data collection tools included demographic characteristics, medical history, the short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and scales related to the HAPA model. The data were analysed using chi‐square, independent t test, one‐way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis on AMOS, version 23.0. Results Action self‐efficacy ( β = 0.59), outcome expectancy ( β = 0.20) and risk perception ( β = 0.18) had a statistically significant effect on intention. Moreover, the path coefficient between intention ( β = 0.35) and coping self‐efficacy ( β = 0.29) with physical activity was statistically significant. The results revealed that HAPA constructs were able to describe 45% of the variance in intention and 31% of the variance in physical activity behaviour. Conclusion The HAPA model is a useful framework for describing the factors affecting physical activity in hypertension patients.

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