Objectives: Urothelial carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma are the most common tumors of genitourinary system. Both tumors can demonstrate a broad morphology or present as poorly differentiated carcinoma occurring in urinary bladder or prostate or both organs that raise the suspicion of a locally extending or metastatic carcinoma from either organs. Accurate distinction between these tumors is mandatory because of different tumor biology and therapeutic protocols. In equivocal tumor morphology, the primary option is to use immunohistochemical panel in surgical pathology that includes differentiation markers that will assist pathologists to avoid misdiagnosis. The aim of this study is immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA3 in urothelial carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma with correlation to different clinicopathological parameters.Methods: We used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 51 patients of urothelial carcinoma and 15 patients of prostatic adenocarcinoma including different grades, stages, and types. Monoclonal antibody for GATA3 was used for immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, and GATA3 expression was semi-quantitatively scored using H-score method.Results: Of 51 urothelial carcinomas, 96% were GATA3 positive with a mean H-score = 212. No correlation between GATA3 expression and clinicopathological parameters includes grade and stage. Lower GATA3 expression was noted in urothelial carcinoma variants. All of prostatic adenocarcinoma cases did not show GATA3 reactivity.Conclusion: GATA3 reactivity is a reliable factor to confirm diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma and exclude prostatic adenocarcinoma. The routine use of GATA3 as differentiation marker for urothelial carcinoma may be advocated based on the results of this study.

  Background Stathmin1 (also known as metablastin) is a major microtubule-depolymerizing protein that involved in cell cycle progression and cell motility.  Stathmin1 has been found to be up-regulated in some cancers and correlated with cell differentiation and proliferation.   Stathmin1 is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics and is associated with malignant phenotypes in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer.   Objective  To evaluate the role of Immunohistochemical expression of stathmin1 in non-small lung carcinoma and its correlation to different prognostic factors or parameters.   Materials and methods This retrospective study carried on formalin fixed paraffin embedded surgical specimens of lung tumors  Applying the Immunohistochemical techniques by using the primary antibodies to stathmin1, statistical analysis done and assessment of correlation with different clinical and pathological parameters measured.    Results Fifty cases of Non-small lung carcinomas that 42% adenocarcinoma,44% squamous cell carcinoma 10% adenosequamous and 4% non-small lung carcinoma 84 % were Stathmin-1 positive.  No significant correlation between Stathmin-1 expression with age and gender of patients but Stathmin-1 expression were correlated with parameters including type and grade of tumor. High expression was noted in poorly differentiated tumors.   Conclusions Measurement of stathmin1 level may be a beneficial prognostic biomarker for non-small lung tumors especially those of poorly differentiated tumors Stathmin1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma significantly correlated with poor tumor differentiation and could be considered as independent prognostic factor.

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