Cubital fossa is the site where the venous accesses are frequently made. Superficial veins at this site display variations in their pattern among different populations. Knowledge of different venous pattern in the cubital fossa is important for diagnostic, surgical and therapeutic procedures. The purpose of this study was to report variations of the cubital superficial vein patterns in the southern Ethiopian subjects. An institution based cross-sectional study design was employed among 401 randomly selected patients presented at the triage room of Arba Minch General Hospital from January 15 to February 15, 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and images of the common and variant superficial venous patterns were recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.
P
<0.05 was considered as statistical significance. In the present study, a total of 802 cubital fossae from 401 study participants were examined. Five patterns of superficial veins were identified. Type 2 was the most common pattern and observed in 55.0% of cubital fossae (42.1% right and 67.8% left cubital fossae). The least common, type 5 variant was detected in 2.6% cubital fossae (2.7% right and 2.5% left). Statistically significant association based on sex and laterality was noted. The current study concluded that type 2 and type 3 patterns were more frequent superficial venous patterns in the cubital fossa and more common in males than female. Awareness of these uncommon cubital venous patterns and their incidence is very useful for those performing venipuncture or venisection especially under emergency conditions.
Renal vascular anatomy is known for presenting a wide range of variations. Kidneys with variant renal vascular anatomy, when used as a graft, appear to have a potential risk that could impair the outcome of kidney transplantation. Information on renal vascular variation and its implication in the surgical outcome of renal transplantation has not been well studied. The present study was aimed at evaluating the outcome of transplantation of renal allografts with variant renal vasculature as compared to allografts without renal vascular variation in the national kidney transplantation center of Ethiopia. Patients and Methods: A health institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted. A retrospective review of the medical records of kidney recipients was performed. A total of 120 renal transplant recipients' medical records were evaluated. A chi-square test and independent t-test were used to compare the surgical outcomes of renal transplantation. Graft survival was expressed using Kaplan-Meier curves and was compared using the log rank test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Evaluation of the renal transplant outcomes has shown that the operation time and the length of hospital stay were significantly longer among recipients of allografts with variant vasculature than those with single renal vasculature. However, no significant difference was seen in the postoperative complication rate, rate of delayed graft function (DGF), creatinine clearance levels at 1, 6, or 12 months postoperatively, and 1-year graft survival among recipients of allografts with and without renal vascular variations.
Conclusion:No significant difference was noted in the overall outcome of transplantation of renal allografts with and without vascular variations. Hence, renal allografts with vascular variations are safe to be recruited for transplantation, as shown in this study.
Background: Measuring portal vein diameter (PVD) is a feasible method of detecting portal vein hypertension, which is a primary and fatal complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) and is usually diagnosed very late. However, there is a paucity of morphometric information on portal vein diameter in the Ethiopian population. Hence, it is important to determine the portal vein diameter among adults with and without chronic liver disease. Purpose: The study aimed to identify how PVD is affected by age, sex, and anthropometric measurements in patients with and without CLD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 participants (110 CLD patients and 110 controls) who have visited the radiology unit at selected Hospitals. Patients with CLD were selected consecutively as they present while controls were selected by a systematic sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Correlation and independent t-test were used to assess the relations. A statistically significant association was declared at P-value <0.05. Results: Mean portal vein diameter for CLD patients was 17.03±1.97 mm with a range of 12.8−20.8mm and 10.79±1.27mm with a range of 7.70-13.25mm for the control group. Age, weight, and body mass index had a positive correlation with portal vein diameter in both groups. The mean portal vein diameter increased by 21.34% during deep inspiration in the control group.
Conclusion:The mean portal vein diameter among patients with CLD was higher than that of the control group. A significant gender-based difference was recorded in the portal vein diameter of the control group only. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive, readily available diagnostic tool for portal vein pathology. Recommendation: It is recommended for clinicians to take into consideration age, sex and anthropometric measurements while measuring PVD.
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