Nasal obstruction in neonates often results in respiratory discomfort, as neonates are obligate nasal breathers. Congenital bilateral nasal obstruction is an emergency situation which is generally secondary to choanal atresia. Rarely bilateral nasolacrimal duct (NLD) cyst causing intranasal swelling may be the underlying etiology. Neonatal respiratory distress warrants immediate measures to secure the airway and prompt investigations to reach a diagnosis for a definitive management. We describe a case of two-day-old girl with intermittent breathing difficulty because of bilateral NLD cysts causing nasal obstruction. The patient improved with conservative medical management.
Teratomas are tumours that arise from all the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). They form due to error in migration of germ cells. They can be mature and immature types. Mature teratomas are benign slow growing masses commonly encountered in sacrococcygeal region. Nasopharyngeal teratomas are relatively rare conditions. In new-borns nasopharyngeal teratomas can present with respiratory obstruction at birth, therefore it's important to diagnose them perinatally. In adults they can present with varying degree of nasal obstruction, Eustachian tube blockage, dysphagia etc. based on their size and location. In this case report, presentation of nasopharyngeal teratoma, differential diagnosis and management in adults has been discussed.
Parathyroid gland adenoma is responsible for approximately 80%-85% cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Although not much is diagnostic on clinical examination, the blood investigations of the patients reveal raised serum calcium and serum parathyroid hormone levels. We present a case of chronic kidney disease with bilateral staghorn calculi and a right parathyroid adenoma localized on ultrasonography. Parathyroid adenoma was surgically excised by minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.
Mucormycosis is a severe, rapidly progressive fungal infection, seen in immunocompromised patients. We report an unusual case of mucormycosis of maxilla, presenting only with cheek abscess. The patient was a young male with uncontrolled diabetes. This presentation of mucormycosis is rare, complete examination and high degrees of suspicion are necessary. The rapid progression in lack of active treatment is often fatal.
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