The intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater aquifers refers to their sensitivity to all contamination coming from soil surface irrespective of the nature of the polluting. In order to improve the protection of groundwater, there must be a reduction in the infiltration of contaminants towards the reservoir through the impacting factors determination of this phenomenon by means of research. There are collected models that include particular number of factors which allow the determination of a sign of groundwater vulnerability of all superficial pollutions.The goal of the study centers on ascertaining the state of vulnerability and the risk of groundwater pollution of the Collo region with a new proposed method by Kherici. Generally, assessment methods of vulnerability and the danger of groundwater pollution employ parametric systems with numerical quotation, cartographic superposition where the analytical methods are based on equations. In this study, we consider the combination of criteria dependent on natural factors (thickness of the unsaturated zone, geologic facies, degree of auto-purification) and the causes of groundwater vulnerability to man-made pollution (anthropogenic factors).

The potentiometer area in the Annaba basin, covering an area of 264 km2, has declined considerably since 1995. The analysis of the chronological hydrographs (1991–2009) of the piezometric observations shows that this decline is related to about twenty years (20 years) drought that began in 1991. To synthesize hydrological data and study regional changes in aquifer interactions caused by changes in discharge, and determine the contamination of aquifers by salty intrusion in coastal areas, and making forecasts by the year 2023, a multi-layered transient model as well as a solute transport model has been developed. The groundwater flow was modelled using the finite difference method with a horizontal dimension of 500 × 500 m for the cells. The model consists of two layers, the first corresponding to the alluvial phreatic aquifer and the second to the deep confined aquifer, and is calibrated against the steady state groundwater heads recorded before 1996. Model verification was done by history matching over the period 1991–2009. Under steady-state conditions, the correspondence between simulated and observed water levels is generally good (average difference of 0.4 m). For the deep aquifer, the simulated time-series hydrographs closely match the recorded hydrographs for most of the observation wells. For the alluvial aquifer, the recorded hydrographs cover only a short time period, but they are reproduced. The model indicates that groundwater pumping induced a decrease in natural discharge, a downward leakage in most of the basin and a continual water-level decline. The model has also been applied to the analysis of recharge impact. Simulating the behaviour of the system over the period 1991–2009 without pumping indicated small changes in hydraulic head. These results show that the groundwater reservoir has a low recharge, but excellent hydraulic properties. A solute-transport model was used to study aquifer contamination from salty intrusion in coastal sectors; it was extended to the year 2023 by simulating an optimistic hypothesis that maintains present pumping until 2023. The model indicates that the head decrease of the alluvial phreatic and deep confined aquifers will be 4 m and 5 m respectively. The solute concentration in the deep confined aquifer will increase from 1 gꞏdm−3 (prior 2009) to 5 gꞏdm−3 in 2023.

The contamination of groundwater by toxic compounds even in low concentrations can compromise the exploitation of the resource for long periods. This work is in this theme. Indeed, the objective of this study is the determination of the impact of some heavy metals on the quality of water resources generated by the discharges of some industrial units in the region of El-Kalitoussa. The results obtained have identified the real threat of industrial pollution on the receiving environment (wells, boreholes and lake). However, the state of contamination of groundwater by heavy metals has been achieved by processing analytical results according to a methodology mono and bidimensional using computer tools. This metallic pollution is highlighted by an abnormally high average content in the majority of the analyzed water points for iron, lead and nickel. While copper has an average concentration at the tolerance limit. However, the highest concentrations of heavy metals measured show that the closer the wells and boreholes are to industrial waste, the more vulnerable they become to possible contamination.

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This work was conducted on 34 samples spread over 4 areas (Bouteldja, El Tarf, Les Salines et Barrahal) tapping the shallow and deep aquifer of groundwater in the North-eastern Algeria (Annaba-El Tarf), one sampling campaign was conducted in 2017 to describe the chemistry of the water and its interaction with the rock. The interpretation of the geological-geophysical and hydrogeological data allowed us to highlight two principal aquifers. The first consists of the sandy clay formations up to 18 m thick. It is generally free except at a few points where it is captive under clay levels. The second is more important localized in the gravel layer below first aquifer; it covers the entire study area. It is formed by Plio-Quaternary gravels, sands and pebbles and is contained in the collapse basin. The methodology used for the processing of the analysis results is based on multivariate statistical methods and characteristic ratios coupled with hydrochemical methods, as well as the calculation of saturation indices. The results show that the water quality is controlled both by the dissolution of the minerals of the evaporite formations and those of the carbonate formations, alteration of silicates and marine invasion.

This study was conducted using quantitative methods of physicochemical and bacteriological analyses to investigate the chemical characterization of surface and groundwater from the Bouchegouf Aquifer (Algeria) and the delimitation of protective perimeters for catchment wells. The objective is to determine the impact of the various anthropogenic activities on the degradation of water quality and, therefore, the delimitation of protective perimeters for catchment wells. The analytical results have revealed a significant threat both to the receiving environment (Mellah and Seybouse streams) and the alluvial aquifer.Also, the pollutant load expressed by the elevated concentrations of specific physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, mainly at the discharge point of the yeast factory, can have harmful effects on fauna, flora, and human health (water-borne diseases), if they are present in large quantities. Furthermore, the simulation of underground flows showed that the groundwater was strongly affected by drainage from the Seybouse wadi. Hydrodispersive modelling highlights pollution risks which can be linked to the use of pesticides, domestic wastewater, and especially by discharge from the yeast factory. Additionally, road traffic can also cause a risk of accidental pollution.