Recently an outbreak that emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, spread to the whole world in a short time and killed >1,410,000 people. It was determined that a new type of beta coronavirus called severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was causative agent of this outbreak and the disease caused by the virus was named as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID19). Despite the information obtained from the viral genome structure, many aspects of the virus-host interactions during infection is still unknown. In this study we aimed to identify SARS-CoV-2 encoded microRNAs and their cellular targets. We applied a computational method to predict miRNAs encoded by SARS-CoV-2 along with their putative targets in humans. Targets of predicted miRNAs were clustered into groups based on their biological processes, molecular function, and cellular compartments using GO and PANTHER. By using KEGG pathway enrichment analysis top pathways were identified. Finally, we have constructed an integrative pathway network analysis with target genes. We identified 40 SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs and their regulated targets. Our analysis showed that targeted genes including
NFKB1, NFKBIE, JAK1–2, STAT3–4, STAT5B, STAT6, SOCS1–6, IL2, IL8, IL10, IL17, TGFBR1–2, SMAD2–4, HDAC1–6
and
JARID1A-C, JARID2
play important roles in NFKB, JAK/STAT and TGFB signaling pathways as well as cells' epigenetic regulation pathways. Our results may help to understand virus-host interaction and the role of viral miRNAs during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As there is no current drug and effective treatment available for COVID19, it may also help to develop new treatment strategies.
The transcription of the mitogenome shows a unique pattern that is both similar to and different from the nuclear and bacterial patterns. Mitochondrial transcription generates five polycistronic units from three promoters in Drosophila melanogaster, and different expression levels of genes were observed in both different and, interestingly, the same polycistronic units in D. melanogaster. This study was conducted to test this phenomenon in the mitogenome of Syrista parreyssi (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). RNA isolation and DNase digestion were performed using only one whole individual, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed with complementary DNAs of 11 gene regions using gene-specific primers. It was found that the expression level of each gene exhibited differences from each other, and some genes (e.g., cox genes, and rrnS) were interestingly expressed at significant levels in the corresponding antisense chain. Additionally, the mitogenome of S. parreyssi was found to have the capacity to encode 169 additional peptides from 13 known protein-coding genes, most of which were encoded in antisense transcript units.
One of the unique findings was a potential open reading
Objectives: Transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is involved in the immune response against infection by a wide variety of cytokines and also plays a key role in gene expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene polymorphism of NF-κB1(-94ins/del) in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 188 subjects, 75 AgP patients, 72 chronic periodontitis patients and 41 periodontally healty subjects, were included in our study. Blood samples were obtained from all subjects and DNA was isolated. Polymorphisms in NF-κB1(-94ins/del) were determined by polimeraz chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism metod. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of age and gender among periodontitis patients enrolled in the study group and the control group (p> 0.05). Genotype distribution and allele frequencies of NF-κB1 gene in AgP and KP groups showed no significant difference in comparison with the control group (p> 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, there was no association between NF-κB1 (-94 ins / del) promoter polymorphism and periodontal disease.
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