WBAN comprises multiple sensor nodes strategically located on patients' bodies. They collect physiological signals from a patient under medical observation and transmit them to the medical personnel for further analysis via a medical server. These sensor nodes are energy-dependent. The challenges associated with WBAN are the power source, delay, and so on. Since their energy source is derived from rechargeable batteries, it is impossible to stop the network operation to replace the battery. Past articles concentrated more on the problem of enhancing network delay and throughput. However, they did not look into the area of TDMA and CCA schemes to improve their work. This brings their work into network energy degradation, which reduces their throughput. This article implements Enhancing throughput cluster-based DSCB by improving the existing Dual-sink clustering approach (DSCB). The simulation result depicted that the Enhanced throughput of iDSCB improved the performance of the current work DSCB in terms of throughput and End-to-End Delay by 6.60% and 3.14%, respectively.
In this study, the authors present the design and measurement results of a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) that is based on a Colpitts core topology and a cascade output buffer. The circuit has a centre frequency of 176 GHz and is implemented in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology provided by IHP foundry. The VCO is a differential fundamental wave tunable oscillator that makes use of a transistor‐based LC‐resonator. On‐wafer measurements show a tuning range of about 5% from 171 to 179.5 GHz. The circuit achieves a maximum output power of 7.3 dBm when biased at 1.6 V and 6.5 dBm if biased at 1.4 V, both with an efficiency of ∼ 6.6%. DC power consumption is 82 and 52 mW, respectively. The measured phase‐noise of the VCO is − 110 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. The VCO demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance at these frequencies with very good performance in term of output power, efficiency linearity, phase noise and compactness; in addition, thanks to the proposed architecture it shows high integrability at the system level.
<p>In this research, we present a low phase noise (PN) and wide tuning range 175 GHz inductors and capacitors (LC) voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on a differential Colpitts oscillator that was designed using a 0.13 μm bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) and simulated. The square of the tank Q-factor and the square of the oscillation amplitude were both maximized to reduce PN. With an extensive examination of parasitic, mathematical analysis of load impedances, and implementation of differential design, the PN was reduced, and the output power was enhanced. Using a supply voltage of 1.6 V, the VCO consumes 41.9 mA, resulting in a total power usage of 67 mW to prevent undesirable PN deterioration, an inter-stage LC filter at the VCO-buffer interface increases the swing at the buffer input. To make a better output, a buffer is used to isolate the load from the VCO core. In addition, the VCO has a high linearity and the overall, the VCO presented in this study demonstrates excellent performance and has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications that require a high-performance, low-power VCO.</p>
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