Jujube is a deciduous broad-leaved tree belonging to the buckthorn family(Rhamnaceae) and is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia and Southeast Europe, including Korea and China and mainly consumed medicinal herbs or dried jujube. In recent years, consumption of fresh fruits has increased, and organic orchard has also increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate soil chemical changes and growth characteristics of jujube when replacing the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer with organic matter in rain shelter house. In March 2017, after soil testing, bark, animal compost, rice bran, oil cake and chemical fertilizers (NPK) were treated based on nitrogen content. After treatment of organic materials, by March 2020, the pH increased and organic matter, phosphoric acid and cation content in soil increased. After harvest of jujube, the yield of compost treatment was the highest and the NPK treatment was the lowest. The length, hardness and weight of fruit were greater in the NPK treatment, but the diameter and sugar content were not significantly different from the organic material treatments except rice bran. Therefore, when the cultivation of the jujube, nitrogen fertilizer was totally replaced with organic material, there was the effect of improving soil chemistry, such as an increase in the organic content of the jujube orchard and an increase in the yield of jujube but no clear effect on fruit quality.
Jujube witches' broom (JWB) disease is a high-risk plant disease that occurred on and devastated jujube orchards throughout South Korea in the 1950s. Recently, as the jujube cultivation area has been significantly increased nationwide, we investigated the disease in jujube orchards in the Boeun region to obtain basic information for proactively evaluating the risk of JWB outbreaks from 2017 to 2019. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the trunk injection of Sungbocycline (a. i. oxytetracycline calcium alkyl trimethyl ammonium 17%, OTC). The incidence of JWB disease was very low in Boeun, but it was gradually increased mainly in the area and on the farms where it had occurred previously. The trunk injection with OTC was most effective in the early stages of growth. However, even though the trees were treated with OTC, disease symptoms appeared in other healthy branches in severely affected trees. When the tree was first injected with OTC in June, the control efficacy of second injection was higher one month after the first injection than five months. These results suggest that early diagnosis based on various symptoms and early control based on them can be very effective in preventing JWB disease in advance and increasing control efficacy.
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