This study evaluated the efficacy of olanzapine in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cancer during chemotherapy. Two hundred twenty-nine patients with cancer who received chemotherapy from January 2008 to August 2008 were enrolled, and they were randomised to receive olanzapine or a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The patients completed a CINV questionnaire once daily on days 1-5 and a QoL questionnaire on days 0 and 6. The complete response (CR) rates for nausea (76.85% versus 46.2%) and vomiting (84.3% versus 67.6%) were significantly higher in the olanzapine group than in the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist group for delayed CINV but not for acute CINV. The CR rates for nausea (76.85% versus 44.44%) and vomiting (85.95% versus 67.59%) were also significantly higher in the olanzapine group for the 5 days post-chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, global health status, emotional functioning, and insomnia were improved in the olanzapine group but worsened in the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist group, whereas cognitive functioning and appetite loss were unchanged. Moreover, olanzapine significantly improved global health status, emotional functioning, social functioning, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, insomnia, and appetite loss. Olanzapine improved the QoL of patients with cancer during chemotherapy, in part by reducing the incidence of delayed CINV.

A767 49-89% of the total annual costs associated with schizophrenia. ConClusions: Schizophrenia imposes a substantial economic burden on society mainly driven by high indirect costs. The cost estimates varied due to methodology differences and costs included. The information of disease burden associated with schizophrenia is crucial to enable informed decision-making in allocating health care resources.objeCtives: Due to the rapidly aging population, dementia is becoming a great concern in China. Moreover, dementia is associated with an important economic burden. The objective of this study was to provide an estimation of the economic burden of dementia in China with and without an adequate treatment. Methods: A Markov model was developed to simulate transition between a mutually exclusive set of health states associated with dementia. Average annual economic burden was estimated between patients treated from moderate to severe and patients not treated, over a five-year time horizon. The resource categories taken into account in the model were treatment, hospitalisations, nursing-home care, biological analyses, imaging, scales and professional caregiver costs. Transition probabilities were estimated from clinical trials. The resource utilisation and unit costs were provided by a Delphi panel. According to the China Alzheimer's project, there are 10 million dementia patients currently in the country and it is estimated that only 21.3% of them take medicine. Results: Over the five year, each untreated dementia patient cost on average 40,006 RMB per year, and each treated patient cost 36,503 RMB per year. Given current dementia patients of 10 million in China, and a treated probability of 21.3%, the annual total costs resulted in an economic burden of 392.6 billion RMB per year for dementia patients in China. Because of the demographic evolution of the Chinese population, the number of dementia patients is expected to increase. Increasing the proportion of treated patients might be a way to limit the raise of the burden, as the treatment help to reduce the average annual health care costs. ConClusions: Burden of dementia in China is likely to grow since the expanding ageing population. Adequate disease management using available treatment may be an efficient solution to limit costs. PMH12 eConoMIC Burden of deMentIa In sIngaPore: PrelIMInary results

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This paper deals with the problem of time-varying (TV) channel estimation for multiple-input multiple-output/orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO/OFDM) systems based on superimposed training (ST). The time-varying coefficients of the TV channel are firstly modeled by truncated discrete Fourier bases, and then optimally estimated both in one OFDM symbols and over multiple OFDM symbols by judiciously designing the superimposed pilots. In addition, an iterative symbol detection based channel estimation scheme with analytical performance analysis, is provided to mitigate the interference due to the unknown information sequences (thus to further improve channel estimation performance as well as SER levels). Simulations confirm that the proposed estimator achieves a considerable gain in estimating TV channels, and exhibits a nearly indistinguishable symbol error rate performance from the OFDM systems of frequency-division multiplexed trainings. 1 .

analysis to compare the two strategies: 1) direct prostate biopsies (TRUS-Bx) and 2) percent free PSA testing prior to TRUS-Bx. A systematic review of 855 patients with PSA levels of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml and normal DRE enrolled in a single medical institute from Jan 2002 to December 2005 was conducted. The outcome measures were the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and costs were calculated through activityaccumulation costing based on National Insurance Scheme Bill Size. A one-way sensitivity analysis was undertaken. The effectiveness was measured by means of the number of detected cases and actual cases (detected cases minus lost cases). A threshold analysis is used to illustrate the value of a given variable of which the two strategies have equal outcomes or costs. Results: The strategy of percent free PSA with TRUS-Bx was dominant and found to be the most cost-effective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for free PSA + TRUS-Bx compared with TRUS-Bx was USD 3,871.58. Strategy 2 (TRUS-Bx) would be more cost-effective if the cost of percent free PSA increased to USD 36.78 or if prostate cancer prevalence increased to 42%. ConClusions: The use of percent free PSA prior to TRUS-Bx is the most costeffective diagnostic strategy and will become more cost-effective as prostate cancer prevalence increases in the ageing population and the free PSA test costs down.

Using 448.1 × 106ψ(3686) decays collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII e+e− storage rings, the branching fractions and angular distributions of the decays χcJ→ Ξ−$$ \overline{\Xi} $$ Ξ ¯ + and Ξ0$$ \overline{\Xi} $$ Ξ ¯ 0 (J = 0, 1, 2) are measured based on a partial-reconstruction technique. The decays χc1→ Ξ0$$ \overline{\Xi} $$ Ξ ¯ 0 and χc2→ Ξ0$$ \overline{\Xi} $$ Ξ ¯ 0 are observed for the first time with statistical significances of 7σ and 15σ, respectively. The results of this analysis are in good agreement with previous measurements and have significantly improved precision.

Objectives: Multiple myeloma (MM) is known as an incurable cancer of plasma cells, which incurs significant burden on patients. There are estimated 27,000 MM patients in China in 2013, and the incidence is 1-4 per 100,000 people per year. However, the disease burden of MM in China has not been well studied. Using Guangzhou claim data, this article estimated the economic burden on patients with MM from a societal perspective. MethOds: 2009-2011 databases of Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance were used to estimate the direct medical cost of MM and the determinants of medical cost. The direct medical costs of bortezomib-based therapies and regular chemotherapies were compared. Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) was used to estimate the indirect cost. Results: For a patients with MM conditions in Guangzhou, the direct cost was RMB 8.45 million in 2009, 8.52 million in 2010, and 13.90 million in 2011, while the indirect cost was RMB 12.18 million, 13.11 million, and 19.46 million, respectively. Moreover, the MM medical cost was higher with age, increasing reimbursement rate and length of stay. The average hospitalization expenditure for bortezomibbased therapies and regular chemotherapies were RMB 60,945.84±38,335.12 and 16,465.62±19,695.13 (P< 0.001). The out-of-pocket (OOP) cost for per treatment cycle were significantly higher for patients treated with bortezomib-based therapy (RMB 43,773.57±12,415.07) than for those treated with regular chemotherapies (RMB 3,720.74±4,060.65). cOnclusiOns: MM conditions have serious economic burdens, and was significantly increased overtime in China.MM patients would pay over 12 times more OOP cost for the use of bortizomib-based therapy than for the use of commonly-used chemotherapies.