In this report, we present three-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by a four-beam holographic lithography method using visible photoinduced polymerization. High-quality face-centered-cubic single crystals with a large range of polymeric matrix volume fraction were fabricated using optimal conditions obtained from computer simulations. Optical measurements of the crystals showing photonic band-gap-like behavior are presented for different polymeric matrix volume fractions.
In this letter, we report a diamondlike structure. Our theoretical analysis reveals that a large complete band gap exists between the second and third bands with only a very low refractive index is needed (n⩾2.05) to open the complete band gap for this inverse structure. Large-scale and high-quality three-dimensional structures with this diamondlike symmetry are fabricated by a holographic lithography method using four laser beams incident from the same half-space. The beam geometry is similar to that for the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure except that the central beam is circularly polarized and the polarizations of the three outer beams must be optimized, which is critical to construct this diamondlike interference pattern.
We report on the existence of surface defect gap solitons. Such new type of solitons can be well supported by an interface between the defect of optical lattice and the uniform media with focusing saturable nonlinearity. The surface defect of optical lattice can profoundly affect the properties of solitons. It is shown that for the positive defect, stable solitons exist at the first bandgap and their powers decrease with defect depth; while for negative defect, stable solitons exist at the second bandgap and their powers increase with defect depth. Such solitons with moderate power between lower and higher ones cannot stably existent at the first bandgap.
We demonstrate that specific surface superlattice gap solitons can be supported at an interface between a one-dimensional photonic superlattice and a uniform medium with saturable nonlinearity. The solitons are stable in the semi-infinite gap but do not exist in the first gap. With the decrease of the power, the solitons jump from the surface site to the next one, and they may continue the motion into the lattices, which offers potential applications for the routing of optical signals.
We perform a kind of computer stimulation on the multi-laser-beam interference. Using this method, we picture the interference patterns and describe the influence of the polarization of lights upon the clarity of the pattern. We find out the relations between the polarization states of the lights for the case of the best pattern and provide an optimal solution of the polarization on holographic lithography technology, and experiential formulas. This kind of analysis will improve the fabrication of submicrometer periodic structure efficiently.
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