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PURPOSE. We presented a novel polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system for measuring retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) birefringence, retardation, and thickness, and report on the repeatability of acquiring these quantities. METHODS.A new PS-OCT system, measuring at 840 nm, was developed that supports scan angles of up to 408 3 408 with an A-scan rate of 70 kHz. To test the performance and reproducibility, we measured 10 eyes of 5 healthy human volunteers five times each. All volunteers were imaged further with scanning laser polarimetry (SLP). The obtained RNFL birefringence, retardation, and thickness maps were averaged, and standard deviation maps were calculated. For quantitative comparison between the new PS-OCT and SLP, a circumpapillary evaluation within 2 annular segments (superior and inferior to the optic disc) was performed.RESULTS. High quality RNFL birefringence, retardation, and thickness maps were obtained. Within the superior and inferior segments, the mean retardation for individual eyes ranged from 208 to 28.98 and 17.28 to 28.28, respectively. The quadrant precision over the 5 consecutive measurements for each subject, calculated for the average retardation obtained within the superior and inferior quadrants ranged from 0.168 to 0.698. The mean birefringence ranged from 0.1068/lm to 0.1418/lm superior and 0.1018/lm to 0.1358/lm inferior, with a quadrant precision of 0.0018/lm to 0.0078/lm. The mean RNFL thickness varied from 114 to 150 lm superior, and 111 to 140.9 lm inferior (quadrant precision ranged from 3.6 to 11.9 lm). CONCLUSIONS.The new PS-OCT system showed high image quality and reproducibility, and, therefore, might be a valuable tool for glaucoma diagnosis. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:72-84)

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We present a novel spectral domain polarization sensitive OCT system (PS-OCT) that operates at an A-scan rate of 70 kHz and supports scan angles of up to 40° × 40°. The high-speed imaging allows the acquisition of up to 1024 × 250 A-scans per 3D scan, which, together with the large field of view, considerably increases the informative value of the images. To demonstrate the excellent performance of the new PS-OCT system, we imaged several healthy volunteers and patients with various diseases such as glaucoma, AMD, Stargardt’s disease, and albinism. The results are compared with clinically established methods such as scanning laser polarimetry and autofluorescence.

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