No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the dental and skeletal variables associated with disturbances of craniofacial development in oral-breathing (OB) individuals and the probability that these variables are related to this condition.MethodsThis is an observational retrospective case–control study of 1596 patients divided into three groups of age n1 5–12, n2 13–18, and n3 19–57 years. Radiographic, clinical, and models data were analyzed. The control group was consisted of nasal breathing (NB) individuals. Statistical analyses of the qualitative data were performed with x2 test to identify associations, and odds ratio (OR) tests were performed for the variables that the chi-square test (x2) identified an association.ResultsIn the descriptive analysis of the data, we observed that the class II malocclusion was the most frequent in the total sample, but when divided by age group and mode of breathing, there is a random division of these variables. In n1 group, class II, (OR = 2.02) short and retruded mandible (SM and RM) (OR = 1.65 and1.89) were associated with OB and it was considered a risk factor. In n2 group, class II (OR = 1.73), SM (OR = 1.87) and increased lower anterior height (ILAFH) (OR = 1.84) seemed to be associated and to be risk factors for OB. In the n1 group, decreased lower anterior facial height (DLAFH) and brachycephalic facial pattern (BP) seemed to be associated with NB and a protective factor against oral breathing.ConclusionsThis study showed that dental and skeletal factors are associated with OB in children, and it seems that it becomes more severe until adolescence. But adults showed no associations between OB and skeletal factors, only in dental variables, indicating that there is no cause–effect relationship between the dental and skeletal factors and OB. The treatment of nose breathing patient should be multidisciplinary, since OB remains even when dental and skeletal factors slow down.

Ot ospongiosis is a primary osteodystrophy of the otic capsule that affects genetically predisposed individuals and leads to a progressive hearing loss. Aim:To evaluate the applicability of audiometric evaluation during drug treatment for otospongiosis. Materials and Methods:A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study involving 26 patients with clinical, audiometric and CT scan image of otosclerosis. Patients eligible for the study were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and received treatment with alendronate sodium (B), sodium fluoride (C) and placebo (A) for 6 months. After this period they were submitted to new tests.Results: There were not statistically significant differences between air and bone conduction (gap). We also found no differences in the speech recognition threshold (SRT) and speech discrimination (IRF) between before and after treatment. Conclusion:After six months of drug treatment the audiometric evaluation kept the same hearing thresholds, suggesting stabilization of the otospongiotic lesions. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;78(2):73-9. ORIGINAL ARTICLE BJORL