This study evaluated the performance of twin adjacent galloping-based piezoelectric wind energy harvesters based on mutual interference. The relative position between the twin harvesters is crucial to their energy generation efficiency. A series of wind tunnel tests were conducted to test energy generation of the two harvesters in tandem or staggered arrangements. The optimal relative position, a streamwise center to center spacing of 1.2B (B is the width of the harvester's square prism) and a transverse center to center spacing of 1.0B, was identified. The total output power of the two harvesters placed in the optimal relative position is up to 2.2 times that of two isolated harvesters. The output power is also much larger than that of the harvesters in tandem arrangements that have been widely tested in previous studies. Therefore, it is recommended to position two adjacent harvesters in optimal relative position(s) to deliver an optimal power output.

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The extended minimum variance unbiased estimation approach can be used for joint state/parameter/input estimation based on the measured structural responses. However, it is necessary to measure the structural displacement and acceleration responses at each story for the simultaneous identification of structural parameters and unknown wind load. A novel method of identifying structural state, parameters, and unknown wind load from incomplete measurements is proposed. The estimation is performed in a modal extended minimum variance unbiased manner, based on incomplete measurements of wind-induced structural displacement and acceleration responses. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are numerically validated by identifying the wind load and structural parameters on a ten-story shear building structure with incomplete measurements. The effects of crucial factors, including sampling duration and the number of measurements, are discussed. Furthermore, the practical application of the developed inverse method is evaluated based on wind tunnel testing results of a 234 m tall building structure. The results indicate that the structural state, parameters, and unknown wind load can be identified accurately using the proposed approach.