A 28 GHz 5-bit switch-type phase shifter (STPS) using 0.18 μm CMOS technology is presented for 5G mobile communication applications. Utilising a process variation insensitive transmission line-based bridged T-type topology for 11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, 90°1-bit phase shifters and high-pass/low-pass network switched-path-type topology for 180°1-bit phase shifter, the 5-bit STPS achieves ultra-low root mean square (RMS) phase error of 1.7°and low RMS amplitude error of 0.59 dB at 28 GHz with intrinsic digital phasecontrol mechanism. The measured insertion loss of all 32 states is 15 ± 1.5 dB at 28 GHz with zero dc consumption.
An ultra-low-LO (local oscillator)-power X-band down-conversion ring mixer in 0.18-μm CMOS process is presented. By using the weak-inversion biasing technique, the proposed X-band ring mixer exhibits low-dc-power consumption and low-LO-drive power while maintaining a reasonable conversion gain (CG). The measurement results show that the proposed mixer demonstrates a maximum CG of 1.75 dB with ultra-low-LO-power of −8 dBm at RF of 12 GHz and IF of 100 MHz. The dc power is only 2 mW. The 3-dB RF bandwidth is from 9 to 15 GHz and the output 1-dB compression point (OP 1 dB) is −14 dBm.
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