In this report, a low‐cost and high performance PdSn@Pt/C catalyst with core–shell structure is prepared by two‐stage route. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations show that the composite catalyst particles distribution is quite homogeneous and has a high surface area and the PdSn@Pt/C catalyst has an average diameter of ca. 5.6 nm. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of PdSn@Pt/C was higher than commercial Pt/C catalyst. Catalytic activity is studied by cyclic voltammetry. High electrocatalytic activities could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt and PdSn.
Carbon materials derived from biomass are economical and simple. Here, a okara‐derived carbon (ODC) was prepared by carbonized cheap and abundant okara at 800 °C in N2 atmosphere. A high degree of graphitization, mesoporous structure and large specific surface area of ODC were proved by Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope. The ODC can be used as support of platinum nanoparticles, and the catalytic performance for methanol electro‐oxidation of its was measured by cyclic voltammetry and CO stripping voltammetry. The results showed that Pt/ODC catalyst had higher electrocatalytic activity and the resistance to poisoning ability toward methanol electrooxidation than the Pt/C catalyst prepared under the same conditions.
Searching for non‐precious electrocatalysts with high performance to replace the expensive Pt‐based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key issue in the industrial‐scale application of fuel cells. In this study, we have reported the synthesis of an iron doped N‐containing carbon materials, derived from duck blood, a wasted material in the duck meat production, as a novel and cost‐effective catalyst in ORR. The as‐prepared electrocatalysts were characterized by means of powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer. In 0.1 mol L−1 KOH solution, the ORR onset potential and the half‐wave potential for the iron doped N‐containing carbon materials are 33 mV and –120 mV respectively, which are close to those of commercial Pt/C (20 wt%). In addition, the iron doped N‐containing carbon materials exhibit excellent tolerance to methanol crossover, which makes it a promising electrocatalyst for ORR in fuel cell.
A palygorskite/carbon heterogeneous nanocomposite, a unique hybrid of palygorskite and carbon, was prepared and designed as an electrocatalyst support material for PtRuIr nanoparticles and evaluated for methanol electrooxidation. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results showed that PtRuIr nanoparticles were well‐dispersed on the composite support with highly dispersed tiny crystal alloy phase on the surface of PtRuIr amorphous alloy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the formation of Ru and Ir oxides on the surface of the PtRuIr nanoparticles. The electrochemical results show that the palygorskite hybridized carbon used as electrocatalysts support can improve the electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation and CO tolerance.
In this paper, a new kind of poly(acrylic acid) modified clay adsorbent, the poly(acrylic acid)/bentonite composite (PAA/HB) was prepared by in-situ polymerization, and utilized to remove lead(II) ions from solutions. The maximum adsorption of adsorbent is at pH 5 for metal ions, whereas the adsorption starts at pH 2. The effects of contact time (5-60 min), initial concentration of metal ions (200-1,000 mg/L) and adsorbent dosage (0.04-0.12 g/100 mL) have been reported in this article. The experimental data were investigated by means of kinetic and equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The kinetic data were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equation. The experimental data fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model very well. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were tried for the system to better understand the adsorption isotherm process. The maximal adsorption capacity of the lead(II) ions on the PAA/HB, as calculated from the Langmuir model, was 769.2 mg/g. The results in this study indicated that PAA/HB was an attractive candidate for removing lead(II) (99%).
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