SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the accurate and stable finite element analysis of large amplitude liquid sloshing in two-dimensional tank under the forced excitation. The sloshing flow is formulated as an initial-boundary-value problem based upon the fully non-linear potential flow theory. The flow velocity field is interpolated from the velocity potential with second-order elements according to least square method, and the free surface conditions are tracked by making use of the direct time differentiation and the predictor-corrector method. Meanwhile, the liquid mesh is adapted such that the incompressibility condition is strictly satisfied. The accuracy and stability of the numerical method introduced are verified from the comparison with the existing reference solutions. As well, the numerical results are compared with those obtained by the linear theory with respect to the liquid fill height and the excitation amplitude.
SUMMARYA wet-road braking distance estimate for the vehicles equipped with ABS (anti-lock brake system) is presented in this paper. The entire speed interval at braking is divided into several uniform sub-intervals, and the energy conservation law is applied to individual sub-intervals to predict the intervalwise braking times and the resulting velocity profile at braking and the total braking distance. The proposed method is based on a numerical-analytical approach such that the frictional energy loss of the patterned tire is computed by 3-D hydroplaning analysis while the other at the disc pad is analytically derived. The operation of ABS is numerically implemented by controlling the tire angular velocity such that the preset tire slip ratio on the wet road is maintained. The tire hydroplaning is analysed by generally coupling an Eulerian finite volume method and an explicit Lagrangian finite element method. Illustrative numerical experiment is presented to support the validity of the proposed estimate.
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