Two electron-spectrometer systems designed for electron–electron coincidence spectroscopy are described. One, based on two hemispherical analyzers and x-ray excitation, is especially suited for Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS) of solids and surfaces. The other, using a cylindrical mirror analyzer, a hemispherical analyzer, and electron-beam excitation is designed for near-dipole (e, 2e) spectroscopy of gaseous samples. Typical results obtained with these instruments are presented.
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