A maskless nano-lithography method by using polystyrene spheres (PSs) self-assembled on silver slab (NSSL) was proposed by Li et al. [Opt. Express 16(19), 14397 (2008)]. In order to understand the mechanism of the lithography technology in depth and improve the experiment results, we studied the energy distribution and the frequency spectrum of incident lights passing through the PS and Ag film. To optimize parameters, the effects of several important factors on the resolution were analyzed. The curves of the optimal Ag film thickness and the highest lithography resolution versus the PS diameter were presented by calculations. Based on the results of the calculations, experiments under the optimization condition were performed and nano holes with dimension of 75 nm and a period of 600 nm were obtained.
The new technique of x-ray microtomography nondestructively generates three-dimensional maps of the x-ray attenuation coefficient inside small samples with approximately 1 percent accuracy and with resolution approaching 1 micrometer. Spatially resolved elemental maps can be produced with synchrotron x-ray sources by scanning samples at energies just above and below characteristic atomic absorption edges. The system consists of a high-resolution imaging x-ray detector and high-speed algorithms for tomographic image reconstruction. The design and operation of the microtomography device are described, and tomographic images that illustrate its performance with both synchrotron and laboratory x-ray sources are presented.
The nation’s pulverized coal infrastructure is aging, and implementation of current retrofit postcombustion capture methods is extremely expensive. This paper describes a technology based on hollow polymeric fibers with sorbent particles embedded in the porous fiber wall to enable postcombustion CO2 capture via a rapid temperature swing adsorption (RTSA) system. The system takes advantage of the hollow fiber morphology by passing cooling water through the bores during sorption to maximize sorption capacities and steam through the bores during desorption to desorb CO2 efficiently. The thin-walled hollow fibers offer the advantage of rapid heat and mass transport. To avoid mass transfer between the core and the fiber sheath, a dense lumen layer is used on the interior of the fiber wall. This system has advantages over competing technologies. Specifically, the fiber sorbent contactor minimizes flue gas pressure drop across the bed, while maximizing sorption efficiencies via rapid thermal cycles and low regenerative thermal requirements.
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