Background: Healthcare workers (HCW) are susceptible to develop poor sleep quality. Those with poor sleep quality are more likely to experience adverse effects on their health and work performance. Sleep health education could be beneficial to improve their sleep quality. Materials and Methods:All eligible HCW from the participating clusters (health clinics) will be recruited. A minimum of 210 participants will be required in the two arm, parallel, cluster randomised trial. Five clusters will be randomly allocated into either intervention group or control group respectively. Intervention group will be given sleep health education whereas control group will be given pre-existing occupational health module on mercury spillage management. Result:The panel of subject experts will be consulted to develop the intervention module. For implementation, the intervention modules will be given to the participants from each group accordingly. For evaluation, sleep quality will be measured based on self-administered questionnaires at baseline and three months post intervention. Data analysis will be done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Intention to treat analysis will be done with the level of significance set at 0.05 and confidence level at 95%. For bivariate analyses, chi square and logistic regression will be used for categorical variables whereas linear regression for continuous variables. For multivariate analysis, Generalized estimating equations (GEE) will be used to adjust for the clustering effect. Conclusion:Sleep health education, particularly on sleep hygiene practice is essential to improve HCW's sleep quality.
Background: Standard Precautions (SP) is important in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAI) as well occupational infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in healthcare facilities. However, the knowledge and practice of SP among HCWs is still poor.Objectives: To identify the predictors for knowledge and practice of Standard Precautions among HCWs. Materials and Methods:Articles were searched using Pubmed, Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines using keywords "Standard Precautions OR infection control AND knowledge practice". Types of studies included are analytical observational studies. Only English articles published from 2010 to 2018, accessible as full texts and evaluating multiple components of Standard Precautions were included in the review.Result: There are 10 articles included in this study. Several predictors had been identified through this review such as age, marital status, clinical experience, knowledge, administrative role, grade of hospital and working department, training, history of blood and body fluid exposure and constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM). Conclusion:HBM's construct is among the important predictors of knowledge and practice on SP. Program aiming at comprehensive education and training about knowledge and practice on SP tailored to the HBM's construct could help improve the compliance with SP among the HCWs in order to reduce the chances of occupational exposure to infections.
Background: Poor sleep quality among healthcare workers are common due to their evolving work requirements. An effective interventional program is indicated to minimise the escalating medical costs to manage ill health related to poor sleep quality among them. This article aims to review the available evidence of various approaches to improve sleep quality among healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Science Direct) were used to perform systematic literature search using the keywords ["sleep training" OR "sleep hygiene education" OR "sleep quality intervention" OR "behavioural intervention" OR "interventional workshop"] AND ["healthcare workers" OR "nurses" OR "health professionals" OR "clinic workers"]. Other inclusion criteria were research articles, publications between 1 January 2009 and 31 October 2018, and availability of full text articles. Result: A total of 7 articles were included in this review. The intervention can be broadly classified into health education and behavioural therapy. Findings showed that sleep hygiene education alone was not effective; behavioural therapy had been added as a nonpharmacological modality for patients. Most literature recommended the combined sleep health education and behavioural approach due to the proven effectiveness to improve sleep quality. Sessions conducted by non-specialist occupational health staffs were equally effective too. Individualised sessions coupled with group meeting received better response from participants. Theory based interventions were commonly used in which both the strengths and limitations had been highlighted. Small sample size or relatively short observation period may have affected the result interpretation. Conclusion: Effective interventions to improve sleep quality should include combination of education and behavioural approaches, conducted with respective individual and group sessions, and utilising user-friendly study tools.
Background: Poor meal taking behaviour is a critical public health issue which may lead to poor health and economic burden among people. Food preference starts early and continue to adulthood. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 304 medical students at a university in Malaysia, with the aim to determine their meal taking behaviour and the factors influencing these behaviours. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used to analyse the data collected using pre-tested and validated questionnaire. Chi square test was used to determine the association and significant level is set at p<0.05. Result:The response rate of was 83.2%. Most of respondents are 21 year old (29.6%), female (74.7%), Malay (60.1%), Muslim (60.9%) and from high socio-economic status family (60.1%). The percentage of respondents who have good and poor meal taking behaviour are almost similar, at 49.4% and 50.6%, respectively. Age, race and religion and source of food taken for breakfast were found to have statistically significant association with good meal taking behaviour. Conclusion:Students should be encouraged to have their meals in a proper time, with good quality and quantity of foods while taking consideration of their food preference. Health education can play a part in increasing the proportion of students with good meal taking behaviour.
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