The suppression of the first wave of COVID-19 in Japan is assumedly attributed to people’s increased risk perception after acquiring information from the government and media reports. In this study, going out in public amidst the spread of COVID-19 infections was investigated by examining new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive cases of COVID-19 and its relationship to four indicators of people going out in public (the people flow, the index of web searches for going outside, the number of times people browse restaurants, and the number of hotel guests, from the Regional Economic and Social Analysis System (V-RESAS). Two waves of COVID-19 infections were examined using cross-correlation analysis. In the first wave, all four indicators of going out changed to be opposite the change in new PCR positive cases, showing a lag period of –1 to +6 weeks. In the second wave, the same relationship was only observed for the index of web searches for going outside, and two indicators showed the positive lag period of +6 to +12 weeks after the change in new PCR positive cases. Moreover, each indicator in the second wave changed differently compared to the first wave. The complexity of people’s behaviors around going out increased in the second wave, when policies and campaigns were implemented and people’s attitudes were thought to have changed. In conclusion, the results suggest that policies may have influenced people’s mobility, rather than the number of new PCR positive cases.
followed did not progress to AIDS until 108 months. Independent prognostic factors for AIDS-free-time were: treatment with ART without HAART (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.8), no treatment regimen (HR 3.0; 95% CI 2.5 to 3.6); age at HIV infection diagnosis between 30 and 49 years (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3), age over 50 years (HR 2.9; 95% CI 2.3 to 5.2); black race/colour (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7); MSM (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) and IDU (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) exposure categories; up to 8 years of schooling (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.5) and no schooling (HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 5.6); and CD4 count between 350 and 500 cells/mm 3 (HR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.9). Conclusions Increased AIDS-free-time was observed, with HAART. Decrease in the incidence rates were observed, Predictor factors to AIDS were treatment, age, race/colour, transmission categories, schooling and CD4 count. Background AIDS remains a great public health problem and the effect of ART has been studied. The objectives were to estimate AIDS mortality rates, median survival time and to investigate death predictor factors. Methods Retrospective cohort study, with 6594 adult patients followed from 1988 to 2005. The KaplaneMeier estimator, the Cox proportional hazard model and HRs estimates were used. Results In a follow-up of 203 008 persons-year, 2936 patients progressed to death. AIDS mortality rates were 17.6, 23.2, and 7.8 person-years in the 1988e1993, 1994e1996 and 1997e2003 periods, respectively. Median progression time from AIDS to death was 13.4 months in the 1988e1993 period; 22.3 months, between 1994 and 1996, and in the 1997e2003 period, over 50% of patients followed survived. Independent predictor factors for death were: AIDS diagnosis period 1994e1996 (HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.8 to 2.2) and 1988e1993 (HR 3.2; 95% CI 2.8 to 3.5); AIDS diagnosis age between 30 and 49 years (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.5), age over 50 (HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.7 to 2.3); MSM (HR 1.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.2) and IDU (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.6) exposure categories; up to 8 years of schooling (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 1.5) and no schooling (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.8); and CD4 count between 350 and 500 cells/mm 3 (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.2) and <350 cells/mm 3 (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.3). Conclusions Increase in AIDS survival and decrease in the mortality rates were observed with HAART. Predictor factors to death were AIDS diagnosis period, age, transmission categories, schooling and CD4 count. The results show the great positive impact of the Brazilian National AIDS Program. Introduction Physical distance is a barrier to hospital utilisation. In a very densely populated city in China, we examined whether use of public hospitals by children was associated with individual-level residential proximity, and whether these associations varied with type of admission. SP3-46 SP3-47Methods The authors used multivariable negative binomial regression in a large, population-representative birth cohort to examine the adjusted associations of proximity to hospitals with Accidents and Emergency services, proxi...
Suppression of the first wave of COVID-19 in Japan is assumedly attributable to people's increased risk perception by acquiring information from the government and media reports. In this study, going out in public amidst the spread of COVID-19 infections was investigated by examining new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive cases of COVID-19 and its relationship to four indicators of people going out in public (the people flow, the index of web searches for going outside, the number of times people browse restaurants, and the number of hotel guests), from the Regional Economic and Social Analysis System (V-RESAS). Two waves of COVID-19 infections were examined with cross-correlation analysis. In the first wave, all four indicators of going out reacted oppositely with the change in new PCR positive cases, showing a lag period of -1 to +6 weeks. In the second wave, the same relationship was only observed for the index of web searches for going outside. These results suggest that going out in public could not be described by new PCR positive cases alone in the second wave, even though they could explain people going out to some extent in the first wave.
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