A total number of eighty four New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits 5 weeks of age and 608 + 7.56 g average live body weight were allotted at random to seven similar experimental groups (of 12 rabbits each). Each group of rabbits was fed one of seven experimental pelleted diets (17% crude protein and 12-13% crude fiber on average). The feeding trail extended for 9 weeks. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of partial substitution (25 or 50%) of soybean meal of control diet with different agro-industrial by-products as the sources for plant protein; rocket (RSM), fenugreek (FSM) and mustard seed meals (MSM) on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood constitutions, carcass characteristics and economic efficiency. Results indicated that, digestion coefficients of most nutrients and the nutritive values were significantly (P<0.05) improved in the groups fed 25 or 50% RSM and FSMdiet as compared to the control. The values of TDN increased by (4.85 and 4.52%) for RSM, (4.44 and 4.43%) for FSM and (1.80%) for 50% MSM. The DCP improvement was (9.13 and 2.04%) for RSM, (2.44 and 7.25%) for FSM, respectively. Replacing RSM, FSM or MSM by 25 or 50% in rabbit diets grew (9.85 and 4.58%) for RSM, (3.36 and 7.56%) for FSM and (1.23%) for 25% MSM faster than control. The diets containing 25 and 50% agro-industrial byproducts showed better (P<0.05) values of feed conversion than the control diet. Serum total protein, albumin, globulin and urea-N were significantly (P<0.05) affected by different treatments; while, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol and total lipids were not affected. Hot carcass weight and dressing percentages were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the 25 and 50% RSM, FSM or 25% MSM groups than those of the control and 50% MSM groups. Economical efficiency values of rabbits fed diets contained agro-industrial byproducts at marketing age (13 weeks) were higher than those of the control diet. It could be concluded that substitution of rocket, fenugreek and mustard seed meals up to 50% of soybean meal in the diet of NZW rabbits had good results without adverse effects on growth performance.
A total number of Fourty eight NWZ rabbits at 4 weeks of age (with an average body weight of 683±28g) were randomly divided into three equal groups; Rabbits were randomly distributed into 3 equal groups, 16 rabbits/group in 2 replicates, 8 rabbits in each. The first group served as a control (C) and fed soybean meal (SBM) as the protein source. Jatropha meal (JCSM) replaced SBM at the levels of 50% or 100% in the other two groups (T1 and T2). The experimental rabbits were fed the tested experimental diet for 10-weeks The aim of the present study was to evaluate Jatropha curcas seed meal as a source of protein in animal feeding and to determine growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen balance, carcass characteristics, chemical and physical properties of rabbit meat. Blood parameters and cecum activitiesThe results obtained showed that: No significant differences were found regarding average body weight at any week of the experimental period. And no adverse effect of any dietary treatment on the growth of the experimental animals was reported. Apparent DM digestion coefficients of control, 50% Jatropha and 100% Jatropha were, 62.20, 66.65 and 66.85% respectively, differences were not significant. Digestibility of OM followed the same pattern being 60.26, 66.51 and 67.48% for the same respective groups. Digestibility of CP for the same diets was 78.57, 80.56, and 80.98%, respectively, differences were not significant. Digestion coefficient of CF was generally low in rabbits being 53% for control, 56.53% for T1 (50%JCSM) and 57.61% for T2 (100%JCSM); differences were not significant. In general, It was noticed that NB in control, T1 and T2 were 1.28, 1.03 and 0.82, respectively; T1 was close to the control diet but T2 was less than control. Rabbits fed the experimental diets had similar carcass traits and chemical composition and JCSM did not have any adverse effect on meat quality of growing rabbits. It was evident that feeding growing rabbits diets containing different level JCSM either at 50 or 100%had almost no significant effect on blood plasma components. Comparing the morphological structure of the kidney and liver in Jatropha treated rabbits (T2 and T3) to the control rabbits no abnormalities were reported. No toxic syndrome for Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits fed treated diets (T1 and T2) was observed.Economic efficiency was measured and reported to be better with the group T3 being 125% followed by T2 being 108%. In general, using JCSM in replacement of soyabean meal at any level tested lead to a better economic efficiency.
A total number of forty eight New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits 4 weeks of age and 683 + 28 g average live body weight were allotted at random to three similar experimental groups (of 16 rabbits each). Each group of rabbits was fed one of three experimental pelleted diets (16% crude protein and 13% crude fiber on average). The feeding trail extended for 9 weeks. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of partial substitution (50 or 100%) of soybean meal of control diet with different levels of jatropha seed meal (JCSM) as the sources for plant protein. on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency. Results indicated that, there was no differences in the feed intake of rabbits that received diets containing JCSM and those received the control diet. Replacement of JCSM in rabbit diets significantly (P<0.05) improved the DM digestibility of diets containing 50 and 100% JCSM by 6.1 and 7.7% compared with control diet. No significant differences among the experimental groups regarding DCP and TDN.The average live body weight and body weight gain after 9 weeks showed no significant differences. The average daily gain followed the same pattern of total gain with average value of 26.89, 27.56 and 25.71g/d. Rabbits fed control diet had feed conversion ratio of 3.00 while those fed 50 and 100% JCSM had feed conversion ratio of 3.33 and 3.28, respectively. Nitrogen balance was positive in all rabbits fed experimental diets. Economic impact values of rabbits fed diets contained JCSM at marketing age (13 weeks) were higher than those of the control diet.It could be concluded that substitution of jatropha seed meal up to 50 or 100% of soybean meal in the diet of growing NZW rabbit diets improved the digestibility, daily weight gain, feed and economic impact, without any adverse effects on productive performance.
Thirty-two adult dry females, age 4-5 yrs.; Balady goats (n= 16 and average body weight 31.11 ± 1.63 kg) and Barki sheep (n= 16 and average body weight 34.53 ±1.56 kg) were used to study effects of long-term restricted feeding regime on body weight changes and balance of energy and protein. Animals of each species were allocated to two levels of feed intake; control feeding treatment (CON) where animals were fed a diet at a level of feeding to meet approximately the metabolizable energy for maintenance requirement (MEm), while those on the other dietary treatment was fed almost 50% of these quantities on a BW basis, termed as the restricted treatment (restricted; RES). Alfalfa hay and concentrate feed mixture (50:50% as DM basis) were given based on requirement recommendations. The results could be summarized as follows: The ADG was not affected (P<0.05) by animal species (BG vs. SH), however, it was affected (P<0.01) by feed intake level where the RES animal group showed a negative ADG (-65.6 g/d) compared with the CON group that achieved positive ADG (36.4 g/d). Both of SH and BG had similar negative energy balance (EB) values (67.0 vs. 61.4 KJ/ kg 0.75 /d, for BG and SH respectively). Nitrogen balance (NB) was greater (P<0.01) for SH (107.64 mg/kg 0.75 /d ) vs. BG (89.47 mg/kg 0.75 /d) and was greater (P<0.01) for animals fed on CON intake (251.47 vs. 208.55 mg/kg 0.75 /d, respectively) than those fed on RES intake (-36.18 vs. -29.62 mg/kg 0.75 /d, respectively), which gave a negative NB.It could be concluded that with desert conditions, sheep may have an advantage in a decreasing Metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) requirement and reduction in heat production of a magnitude adequate to maintain body weight. There is a similar rate of using the energy between sheep and goats with moderate or limited nutrition planes.
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