In this study, γ-MnOOH nanorods synthesized by polysaccharide- assisted hydrothermal method as an efficient electrocatalyst for urea oxidation. The γ-MnOOH structure and morphology are confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The γ-MnOOH material, which contains hydroxyl groups and has an average oxidation state of Mn of three as demonstrated by XPS, exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity towards urea oxidation reaction (UOR) compared to bare nickel foam (NF). Specifically, the overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 for γ-MnOOH is found to be 1.05 V, which is significantly lower than that of the NF (i.e., 1.12 V). Notably, the UOR over γ-MnOOH has a potential that is 180 mV lower than observed during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) using the same electrode. These findings suggest that the γ-MnOOH nanorods could serve as a promising electro-catalyst for UOR in various energy storage and conversion applications.
In this paper we introduce a new variant of station cone algorithm to solve linear programmimg problems. It uses a series of interior points Ok to determine the entering variables. The number of these interior points is finite and they move toward the optimal point. At each step, the calcution of new vertex is a simplex pivot. The proposed algorithm will be a polynomial time algorithm if the number of points Ok is limited by a polynomial function. The second objective of this paper is to carry out experimental calculations and compare with simplex methods and dual simplex method. The results show that the number of pivots of the station cone algorithm is less than 30 to 50 times that of the dual algorithm. And with the number of variables n and the number of constraints m increasing, the number of pivots of the dual algorithm is growing much faster than the number of pivots of the station cone algorithm. This conclusion is drawn from the coputational experiments with n ≤ 500 and m ≤ 2000. In particular we also test for cases where n = 2, m = 100 000 and n = 3, m = 200 000. For case where n = 2 and m = 100 000, station cone algorithm is given no more than 16 pivots. In case of n = 3, m = 200 000, station cone algorithm has a pivot number less than 24.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.