1. 670 samples of the mixed milk from 15 herds were analysed, and the average percentages of total ash, soluble ash, insoluble ash, lime and phosphoric acid are given.2. Tables showing frequency distributions are also given, with the standard deviation, mean and probable error of mean for each constituent determined.3. Various correlations of these constituents with solids not fat and protein have been prepared, and these correlations are illustrated by graphs.It is observed that the total ash falls with the solids not fat until low values of solids not fat are reached, when the ash content appears to rise. This variation is confirmed by a curve illustrating the variation in ash content of samples of individual cow’s milk. Soluble ash rises as the solids not fat falls, but the insoluble ash shows a reverse variation. Lime and phosphoric acid both fall with the solids not fat.
BY €3. T. CRANFIELD. WHILST there is a considerable difference of opinion as to whether feeding influences the composition of milk or n&-and many experiments have been carried out with this object in view-little investigation seems to have been made in this country concerning the influence of feeding on the composition of butter-fat. In Germany, however, some work has been carried out by H. Liihrig (Zeitsch. Ulztersuch. Nahr. Genussm., 1906, 11, ll), which deserves notice in connection with the present communication. Liihrig watched the effect of feeding with cocoanut cake on the composition of the butter, and found that there was a considerable rise in the Polenske number, and but little effect on the Reichert-Meissl number. In consequence of this variation he recommended an increase of 0.8 in the limits adopted by Polenske for genuine butters in his original paper in 1904. At the present time cocoanut cake is being placed on the English market in much larger quantities than in previous years; and since it is not unlikely that this food will be used more extensively by dairy farmers in the near future, I decided to take advantage of an experiment on the feeding of dairy cows which was being carried out during the spring of this year at the Midland Agricultural and Dairy College. DETAILS OF THE EXPERIMENT. Two sets (A and B) of four cows';: each were employed, each cow receiving the following ration daily : 56 pounds mangels, 7 pounds oat-straw chaff, 2 pounds mixed meal (bran, dried grains, rice meal), and 14 pounds hay. I n addition to this ration, all the cows received during the first week 5 pounds of undecorticated cotton cake daily. I n the second and third weeks Set A received 5 pounds of cocoanut cake, and Set B 4h pounds of linseed cake. These foods were reversed in the fourth and fifth weeks, and for the last week all the cows reverted to cotton cake. All the cows were cross-bred shorthorns.
This paper is a record of the composition of the milk of an abnormal cow, during a period extending over three lactations. Although this cow was found eventually to be suffering from tuberculosis of the udder and lungs, no signs of the disease were apparent during the first two lactations recorded.The milk produced by this cow was abnormal during the whole period under review. Fat percentages were very variable, but the solids not fat content was consistently low, only 2 per cent. of the total number of samples analysed exceeding 8·5 per cent. in this constituent. Protein and lactose percentages were much below the averages for normal milk, but in the case of total ash the mean figures were normal. Of the ash constituents, the soluble portion was very high and the insoluble portion correspondingly low, the former presumably indicating a high chloride content. The percentages of phosphoric acid and lime were considerably below the mean figures for normal milk.Lactose and soluble ash percentages show a marked negative correlation, and moreover support the contention of Porcher and others that a definite lactose-chlorine ratio exists in milk.It is suggested that an abnormally low solids not fat content (i.e. low protein and lactose) and abnormal percentages of the individual ash constituents may be a sign of incipient disease affecting the organs involved in the secretion of milk.
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