Nearctic Chymomyza amoena, an eastern US forest drosophilid, was initially known only to breed in damaged or parasitized nuts and had been little studied. It has been spreading in Europe since its discovery in the former Czechoslovakia in 1975.
The first part of the Doonn-Urey hypothesis concerning the nature of cometary outbursts has been demonstrated. That is, it is possible to condense small quantities of very reactive species along with molecules with very high free energy at low temperatures. The addition of H20 to the reaction mixture gives some amount of condensable H202. There are two possible subsequent courses for the peroxide in the solid. It is possible that it reacts slowly and continuously with the hydrocarbons yielding compounds with low free energy. However, it is also possible that at 150'K there is a certain amount of segregation of microcrystals going on which would keep the crystals of unsaturated hydrocarbons and those of the H202 separated. Such a mixture would be able to store a very large amount of energy.9 It now remains to investigate the behavior of these mixtures when they are bombarded with beams of positive and negative particles of astronomically possible energy and density. If the hypothesis is correct, bombardment under the appropriate conditions should lead to violent reactions of the sort observed at the heads of comets.
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