The karst area on Rote Island dominates more than 60% of the Island. The land surface conditions in karst areas are generally dry, while below the subsurface is the potential for abundant water resources. This study aims to assess groundwater vulnerability using the APLIS (Altitude, Pendiete/Slope, Lithology, Infiltration, and Soils) method that will integrate with Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. The parameters used are elevation, slope, lithology, infiltration zone, and soil type. Slope and elevation are obtained from DEM maps, the soil is obtained from soil type maps, while lithology and infiltration zone are obtained from geological maps. The lithology and the infiltration zone in APLIS method analysis have a high role in determining the level of groundwater vulnerability. The groundwater vulnerability in Rote Island was divided into four classes: very low in the Northeast, low in the South, moderate in the East and North, and high in the East and West part of the Island. It explains that a high level of groundwater vulnerability in Rote Island needs to be used as a groundwater protection zone.
This study aims to determine other exploration targets related to priority areas for groundwater utilization development on Rote Island. In arranging priority areas for groundwater development, remote sensing data and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The parameters used are lineament (F), lithology (L), slope (T), drainage density (D), and rainfall (R). F, T, and D were obtained from DEM map analysis. L was obtained from regional geological maps. Moreover, R was obtained from annual rainfall data from the rain station of the study area. All parameters were overlaid using GIS and assign weights using the AHP method. The results will be compared to the locations of springs and wells scattered in the study area. There are five classifications of potential groundwater areas on Rote Island, namely very high is 34 km2 in the East part; high is 383.25 km2 in the South, East, and Northeast part; moderate is 549.50 km2 in the North and South part; low is 246.50 km2 and very low is 2.198 km2 in the West part of the research area. Considering the existing observation springs in Rote Island using average yields in each classification area confirms the correctness of the potential groundwater areas.
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