Aims: To study the prevalence of microvascular complications and renal changes associated with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the West Midlands Adult Cystic Fibrosis centre, United Kingdom. Data regarding age, sex, microalbuminuria, retinopathy neuropathy, and biochemical results were collected for all people with CFRD who had an annual review from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 at the centre. Descriptive statistics were analysed using STATAv15.1. Results: A total of 189 patients were included, of which 56.6% were male and median age (interquartile range) was 33 (27–39) years; 79.4% (150/189) had their annual review in 2018. Those with a biochemically impaired renal function numbered 7.2% (13/180) and 22.7% (32/141) had microalbuminuria; 17.2% (10/58) had diabetes related retinopathy. No one in our cohort had diabetic ulcers; however, 10.3% (13/126) had absent foot pulses. Conclusion: We found a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria compared with retinopathy in a large cohort of cystic fibrosis adults. This study demonstrates the need for regular specialist follow-up to facilitate early identification of such complications and a long-term prospective cohort to understand underlying mechanisms.
Education is a vital ingredient in the management of Diabetes Background: NICE recommends well designed and structured diabetes educational programmes to all patients at the time of diagnosis and with annual updates. This article aims to discuss the importance of assessing knowledge pre and post education, as this allowed the team to ascertain existing knowledge and identified areas for development. Aims and objectives: The Statements to Assess Diabetes Knowledge (SADK) questionnaire was used in non-South Asian patients with type 2 diabetes to assess patients' learning. It was used to identify gaps in diabetes knowledge. Learning was 'quantified' by measuring recalled information immediately post-education session and at six months during a reunion session. The tool also allowed the team, which consisted of a diabetes specialist nurse and dietician, to assess gaps in the structured education programme being delivered. The SADK was originally adapted from a Mexican tool,1 redesigned, and piloted as part of an MSc Thesis in 2005,2 to assess basic diabetes knowledge in South Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. The results of the pilot study were published in an article in 2008.3 Methods: A questionnaire Statement to Assess Diabetes Knowledge (SADK) was given to all attendees at prior to and after attending the course and again after 6months. All completed forms were collated and assessed. HbA1c results pre and post were also collected but unable to report in this article. All patients were referred into services run by Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent Partnership Trust. Results: 203 non-South Asian patients were referred and attended for type 2 education over a 12months period from January 2012 to 2013 which was run at local sites. i. 183(90%) of patients stated that English was their spoken or preferred language. ii. None of the patients stated that they required an interpreter however 9% gave no response with one patient who stated Spanish. iii. In 173(85%) of the patients the SADK scores had improved. iv. In 14(7%) patients-had no change in their scores. v. In 16(8%) patients scores had declined. vi. The biggest improvement at this stage was question 6, 'If I am a diabetic, my children have a bigger chance of becoming diabetic'. 28% of attendees completed the questionnaire at 6months. Of these, 81% had improved their scores at 6months. vii. 23 out of the 24 questions had shown further improvements at 6months compared to pre course results. Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that the SADK questionnaire is useful in showing that learning had occurred with increased diabetes understanding. The SADK model has been shown to be an effective tool in identifying knowledge-gaps in non-South Asian patients with type 2 diabetes by assessing existing diabetes knowledge. Hence this article shows that structured education to newly diagnosed patients with diabetes has been beneficial, assessed using the SADK tool, with knowledge being absorbed and retained at 6months. Therefore it is concluded that the SADK tool is suitable for...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.