A quantitative interpretation of diffuse neutron scattering has yielded an accurate description of the defect structure of CaO stabilized zirconia (CSZ) at 290 and 1550 K. The defect structure is based on the correlated distribution of two different types of microdomains within the disordered structure. The first microdomain is built around a single oxygen vacancy with relaxed neighboring ions. The first neighbors are relaxed along (100), second neighbors are relaxed along (111) and (110). The second microdomain is built around a pair of oxygen vacancies separated by a31/2/2 along (lid with a Ca ion in between. There is no qualitative change at high temperatures. The correlation length, however, decreases considerably.

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Ti sheet has been activated by the ceramic method, starting from solutions of Cr‐III‐chloride and Ti‐IV‐butanolate in isopropanole: A) via firing in air, TA = 350 – 750°C. B) As (A), but subsequent annealing in vacuum at TV = 450 – 850°C. Coulometric, chemical and X ray analysis led to the following results: Electrode A has a layer of α‐Cr2O3 at TA ≥ 450°C, which is anodically oxidized in 1 M H2SO4. With slow cyclic voltammetry, half peak potential is Up/2 (SHE) = 1.77 V. CrO3, which is formed, dissolves. The charge involved in this process is proportional to layer thickness. Electrodes fabricated by mode B carry predominantly a chromium layer at TV ≥ 700°C. These electrodes exhibited a dissolution peak at Up/2 (SHE) = 1.32 V (CrO3). It relates to the transpassive dissolution of chromium. – Steady state and nonsteady anodic and cathodic processes have been investigated with these new electrodes. Their application for electroorganic oxidations via redox catalysis is proposed.

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