Since its establishment in 1925 decisions in the Sudan's Gezira irrigated scheme have been top-down from the central headquarters of the Sudan Gezira Board (SGB). The irrigation system is divided into the upper system (US) that includes the dam, main, branch and major canals and the lower system that comprises the minor, tertiary and field channels. The Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources (MOIWR) is responsible for the O&M of the US in addition to the maintenance of the Minor canals. The operation of the minor canals is handled by the SGB. The maintenance of the minor canals was given to the SGB in 1999, thus unifying O&M for the first time in 75 years. This opened the door for the O&M to be handed to tenants in a pilot project (PP) supported by the FAO during [2000][2001][2002]. Crop yields in the PP outyielded the neighboring blocks as well as the scheme average during the two years of the project. The PP is to be extended to at least one block in each of the 18 Gezira administrative groups. The PP established the base of legalization and institutional arrangements that govern the water users' activities and resulted in a great change in tenants' attitudes towards water management. Copyright supérieurs à ceux des parcelles voisines ainsi que le rendement moyen du programme durant les deux années que le projet a duré. Le PP sera étendu d'au moins un bloc de parcelles dans chacun des 18 secteurs administratifs de Gezira. Le PP a établi la base pour la légalisation et les dispositions institutionnelles qui réglementent les activités des utilisateurs de l'eau et a entraîné un profond changement de l'attitude des exploitants à l'égard de la gestion des ressources en eau.
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