The effects of off-centered ladle streams on fluid flow of liquid steel in a two-strand slab tundish were studied using water modelling techniques and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Fluid flow in an off-centered ladle stream was compared with a centered ladle stream. In a centered position the proposed arrangement (turbulence inhibitor plus dams) yields higher fractions of plug flow than the current arrangement (baffles). This effect is stronger at the high casting rate. An off-centered position increases dead volumes at a low casting rate of 1.7 t/rnin. At the high casting rate of 3.8 Vmin, effects of the off-centered position are decreased although the TI-D arrangement always renders better flow characteristics. Velocity fields determined with PIV measurements, demonstrated that the TI-D arrangements provide the fluid with a plug flow characteristic.
Modellierung der Wirkung von exzentrischenPfannenausgiissen auf die Stahlstromung in einem Brammentundish. Die Wirkung exzentrischer Ptannenausqusse auf die Stahlstromung in einem Brammentundish einer 2-adrigen StranggieBanlage wurden untersucht. Hierzu dienten sowohl Wassermodellstudien als auch PIV-Messungen. Die Strornunq bei Verwendung eines exzentrisch angeordneten Pfannenausgusses wurde mit der eines zentrisch angeordneten verglichen. Bei zentrischer Bauart fUhrt das vorgeschlagene Arrangement (Turbulenzinhibitor plus Damrne, TI-D) dazu, dass die Stromung aus dem Spulstein einen hohsren Anteil an der Gesarntstrornunq hat als im vorliegenden Arrangement mit Leitblechen. Dieser Effekt nimmt mit der GieBgeschwindigkeit zu. Exzentrische Anordnung bringt bei der niedrigeren GieBgeschwindigkeit von 1,7 Vmin grossere Totvolumina mit sich. Bei der GieBgeschwindigkeit von 3,8 Vmin fallt die Wirkung der exzentrischen Anordnung geringer aus, obwohl das TI-D-Arrangement immer bessere Stromungscharakteristika Iiefert. Die in PIV gemessenen Geschwindigkeitsfelder zeigen, dass das TI-D-Arrangement datur sorgt, dass sich die Strornunqscharakteristik des Spulstelns in der Flussgkeit wiederfindet.
The hydration rate of partially recarbonized lime pellets has been studied by employing a single pellet into a stream of air/vapor water mixtures using acom puter aided thermo-gravimettic technique. Thehydration reaction takes piace on a sharp, well defined interface between the product layer and the unreacted core.It'has been found that the hydration mechanismconsists in two steps. On the other hand, it was found also that the higher is the lime calcination temperature the thinner is the recarbonized layer formed even under high C02 partial pressures. However, these thin layers are more effective to increase the hydration resistance of lime pellets than thicker ones. This is an important experimental finding since it indicates that low recarbonization extents are good enough to increase the hydration resistance of steelmaking lime without impairing its quality.
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