This article argues that there is a difference in leadership styles between experienced and inexperienced engineers in South Africa. It was found that experienced engineers are more transformational and more transactional than inexperienced engineers. To demonstrate this in the study, the researcher uses the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) of Bass and Avolio (1995) to identify leadership style. The argument is substantiated by the results of a statistical analysis of leadership style administered to 85 experienced and inexperienced engineers in total.
<b>Opsomming</b><br>Hierdie artikel debateer die verskil in leierskapstyle tussen ervare en onervare ingenieurs in Suid-Afrika. Dit is bevind dat ervare ingenieurs meer transformasioneel en meer transaksioneel is wanneer vergelyk word met onervare ingenieurs. Om hierdie studie te demonstreer, het die navorser gebruik gemaak van die Multifaktor Leierskapvraelys (MLV) van Bass en Avolio (1995) om leierskapstyl te identifiseer Die argument word verder ondersteun deur die resultate van statistiese analise van leierskapstyl wat uitgevoer is op 85 deelnemers, beide van ervare en onervare ingenieurs in totaal. </br>
Following up earlier work, this paper discusses the influence of 2-methyl-6-tert.buty1 substitution and/or 2,6-di-fert.butyl substitution on certain properties of compounds such as nitrobenzene. aniline, N-methylaniline. N.N-dirneBylaniline. acetanilide, 4-nitro-aniline, and 4-nitro-acetanilide.For , h e derivatives of nitrobenzene. N.Ndimethylaniline. and acetanilide the electronic absorption spectra indicate a complete or almost com,plete elimlnation of the mesomeric interaction. In contrast with this it has to be concluded for all the primary amines investigated that the mesomerism is fully developed: in the relevant discussion the vectorial treatment of absorption intensities has been of decisive importance. The secondary amines take up an intermediate position: in these cases, owing to the pyramidal configuration of the nitrogen atom, the angle of twist cannot be forced to values exceeding about 60'.T h e basic strength of 2,~i-tert.buty1-substituted primary amines is lower by a factor of about 108 than might be expected on the basis of the electrical effects of the alkyl groups: the basic strength of 2-methyl-6fert.buty1-substituted N,N-dirnethylanilines is lower by a factor of about 106 than might be expected on the basis of the electrical effects of the alkyl groups and the steric inhibition of the mesomerism present in these compounds. These reductions of the bask strength have been ascribed to steric hindrance to solvation.The basic strength of 3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-nitroaniline confirms previously obtained information on the quantitative significance of the inductive and the mesomeric effect of the nitro group in 4-nitroaniline as well as on the metalpara ratio of the inductive effect. ' 1) In the present paper, previous parts of this series are referred to as follows: la) Part 111. IS J7 19 41 4 J 45 I 100 280 260 24 0 2 Ware lrnglh, m),
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