Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial efficiency of alkaloids of root, leaf, and fruit of Cucumis trigonus. Methods: The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of alkaloid extracts were assessed by ferric thiocynate (FTC), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, superoxide radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power were analyzed separately for its inhibition percentage at different concentration (20µg, 30µg, 40µg and 50µg/ml) and antibacterial activity by agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC Code-9886), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC Code-6458). Results: The highest percentage of extraction yield was observed in fruit followed by leaf and root. The maximum content of alkaloid was found in fruit and root compared to leaf. The scavenging efficiencies of the extracts increased with the increasing concentrations. Appreciable levels of total antioxidant activity by FTC (2.112±0.011%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (1.912±0.001%), superoxide radical scavenging activity (0.955±0.021%) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity (0.914±0.087 %) were observed at 50µg/ml of fruit extract. However, ferric reducing power was more in the root (0.893±0.0870%) compared to fruit (0.791±0.023%) and leaf (0.520±0.00 %) at 50µg/ml. The alkaloid extracts of root and fruit exhibited more antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (16.51±0.05 and 19.68±0.03 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2±0.03 and14.2±0.06) at 100µg/ml than leaf. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the root, leaf, and fruit was in the range of 3.125µg/ml to 35µg/ml for the pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: Data from the present results revealed that the alkaloid extracts of fruit and root of C. trigonus show good antioxidant and antibacterial potential than leaf. Hence, may be explored for the formation of new antibacterial with antioxidant drugs.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the antibacterial activity of seed coat and cotyledon of Cajanus cajan with various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous. Methods:The crude extracts were obtained using Soxhlet successive extraction method. The antibacterial activity of seed coat and cotyledon extracts at different concentration (50 and 100 mg/mL) was evaluated against certain pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Gram-negative bacteria of Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar well diffusion assay. Results:The results show that the ethanolic extract of seed coat had highest activity against B. subtilis (22.0±0.13 mm). Whereas, the aqueous extract of cotyledon had highest activity against S. aureus (20.0±0.02 mm) and S. typhi (20.0±0.04 mm) at 100 mg/mL. The S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were completely resistant to all extracts of seed coat. Similarly, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were totally resistant to all tested cotyledon extracts. The phytochemical results show the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, lignins, glycosides, and absence of saponins in seed coat and cotyledon. Conclusion:This study shows that C. cajan seed coat and cotyledon had potential antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. typhi. These extracts may be exploited for the development of antimicrobial and alternative remedies for infections and diseases caused by respective pathogens.
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