Our knowledge about seed dormancy breaking and environmental factors affecting seed germination of greater bur-parsley (Turgenia latifolia) is restricted. This study has addressed some seed dormancy breaking techniques, including different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3), leaching duration, physical scarification as well as some environmental factors effective on seed germination such as salt and drought stresses, pH and seed planting depth. Seed germination was promoted with lower concentrations of KNO3 (0.01 to 0.02 g L-1), while higher concentrations reduced germination percentage. Seed dormancy was declined by low concentrations of GA3 up to 100 ppm. Seeds of greater bur-parsley germinated in a range of pH from 3 to 7. With enhancement of drought and salt stresses, seed germination decreased. Also, there was no seed germination in a high level of stresses. Seedling emergence reduced as planting depth increased. Use of GA3, KNO3, leaching and physical scarification had a positive effect on seed dormancy breaking of greater bur-parsley. The information from the study increases our knowledge about seed dormancy breaking techniques, response of germination to drought and salt stresses and also determination of distribution regions of greater bur-parsley in the future.
In order to evaluate the amount of heritability for desirable agronomic characteristics and the genetic progress associated with grain yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), a split plot experiment was carried out with four replications during three cropping seasons (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Three sowing dates (as environmental factor) and six durum wheat varieties (as genotypic factor) were considered as main and sub factors respectively. Analysis of variance showed interaction effects between genotypes and environments in days to ripening, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per unit area, grain mass and grain yield. The grain yield showed the highest positive correlation with number of grains per spike also grain mass (91 % and 85 %, respectively). A relatively high heritability of these traits (82.1 % and 82.2 %, respectively) suggests that their genetic improvement is possible. The maximum genetic gain (19.6 %) was observed for grain mass, indicating this trait should be a very important indicator for durum wheat breeders, although the climatic effects should not be ignored.Key words: durum wheat; grain yield; plant genetics; yield components IZVLEČEK OVREDNOTENJE DEDNOSTI IN GENETSKE PREDNOSTI AGRONOMSKIH LASTNOSTI TRDE PŠENICE (Triticum durum Desf.)Z namenom ovrednotenja dednosti željenih agrononmskih lastnosti in genetskih procesov povezanih s pridelkom zrnja trde pšenice (Triticum durum Desf.) je bil izveden poskus z deljenkami s štirimi ponovitvami v rastnih sezonah 2009-2012. Tri datumi setve kot okoljski dejavniki in šest sort trde pšenice kot genetski dejavnik so bili uporabljeni kot glavni in podrejeni dejavniki. Analiza variance je pokazala interakcijske učinke med genotipi in okoljem v dnevih do zrelosti, višini rastlin, dolžini klasov, številu zrna na klas, številu klasov na enoto površine, masi zrn in pridelku zrnja. Pridelek zrnja je pokazal največjo pozitivno korelacijo s številom zrn na klas in maso zrnja, 91 % in 85 %. Relativno velika dednost teh lastnosti, 82.1 % in 82.2 % nakazuje, da je možno njuno genetsko izboljšanje. Največja genetska pridobitev (19.6 %) je bila opažena pri masi zrnja, kar nakazuje, da bi morala biti ta lastnost zelo pomemben kazalnik za žlahtnitelje trde pšenice, čeprav tudi podnebni dejavniki ne bi smeli biti zanemarjeni.
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