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Context: A new and highly sensitive method for the determination of gabapentin (GBP), this method is of high importance in the assessment of GBP and other pharmaceutical preparations. GBP is a widely used antibiotic. There is a big challenge of analysis of anti-epilepsy drugs due to their instability and sensitivity to various conditions. The simple, sensitive, precise, and kinetic spectroscopy method was used to measure GBP in some pharmaceuticals developed and validated. Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, and kinetic spectroscopy method for the measurement of GBP in a pharmaceutical product. Materials and Methods: The current method was based on the spectral kinetic examination of epileptics (GBP) with potassium permanganate in alkaline medium at room temperature. Absorption of the stained manganese ions of the product was absorbed at 605 nm. Results: The concentration of GBP was calculated using the calibration equation for the time method and the initial rate method. The above method is used to determine GBP from 2.0 to 20 μg/mL. The BER Act was applied to roads within the range of concentrations used for analysis. The limit of quantification and limit of detection, equal to 0.640 and 1.940, were calculated, respectively. The relative standard deviation values was found to be 0.345% and Recovery values were 99.38 and 0.50%, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed and developed method is sensitive, accurate, and tolerable and can be used for the routine analysis of GBP in various pharmaceuticals. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the drug jabapentin in the pharmaceuticals and the validation of the statistical data. The results were compared to the reference method showed good compatibility.

The depletion of 17β-estradiol-2 (17β-E2) is one of the factors that cause the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in females in the case of menopause. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the change in 17β-E2 levels and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) is associated with menopause in RA women and whether there is a relationship between them. 96 RA women were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 (women of reproductive age)-30, Group 2 (premenopausal women)-32 (menstrual or normal menstrual period without menstruation for a period of not >6 months, and Group 3 (postmenopausal women)-34 women in menopause (menopause for at least 12 months). Serum levels of 17β-E2, IL-1β, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that a change in concentration of 17β-E2 resulted in excessive production of IL-1β in women during reproductive age, premenopausal, and postmenopausal compared to female control. Furthermore, there is a highly inverse correlation between IL-1β and 17β-E2 in the serum of pre-and post-menopausal RA women. On the other hand, the study showed a positive correlation between IL-1β and sex hormones 17β-E2 in women of reproductive age who suffer from RA. Moreover, the study confirmed that the most risk factor is 17β-E2. The study showed that a lack of 17β-2 concentration after menopause causes an increased concentration of IL-1β and this, in turn, stimulates the development of RA disease during menopause. Menopause-associated 17β-E2 deficiency plays the major role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Background: Prediabetes has been considered to be a reversible condition; a modification of lifestyle and other intervention can be successfully applied during the prediabetes period to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to assess knowledge of prediabetes and its risk factors for the community in the Al-Ahsa region.Design and method: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in the Al-Ahsa region from mid-to-late December 2018. A sample size of 812 was determined using a single-proportion formula.Results: Of the 812 respondents who gave consent to participate in the interview; the male to female ratio was 1.1:1. 13.2% of the respondents reported that they had diabetes. Among the respondents, 87.1% had a high level of knowledge of prediabetes, while 12.9% had low-to-moderate knowledge. 84% of males 40 years of age or older, 88.7% (384) of people with university or higher education, and 95.1% (78) of people who worked as health practitioners had high knowledge of prediabetes.Overall, there was a statistically significant association between age and prediabetes knowledge (𝑥2 =5.006, p=0.025). Occupation also showed a significant statistical association with prediabetes knowledge (𝑥2 =9.85, p=0.02). Conclusion: Knowledge is considered an important factor in the prevention of prediabetes and diabetes. People in Al-Ahsa demonstrated a high level of knowledge regarding some risk factors for prediabetes. However, there were a number of deficiencies in the knowledge of prediabetes risk factors and preventive measures as well as in general knowledge of prediabetes, which may lead to a high prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes.

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Taurine is sulfur containing semi-essential amino acid that has important roles in many biological processes, but its effect on glucose homeostasis, weight, growth and bone mineralization weren’t well defined. Objectives: the evaluation of oral Taurine effects has used for 3 months on bone mineralization biomarker, glycemic control and body weight in type ll diabetic patients. Methods: the interventional double-blind placebo-controlled study in which 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age range 45-55) assigned in either control (n=40), or study group the (n=40) group. The last group has received a 1000mg capsule of Taurine once a day for three months. Parameters measured were serum calcium, 25(OH) vitamin D and osteocalcin, NTX-1 HbA1C% with fasting blood glucose before and after 3 months. Results: taurine led to significant (p<0.05) rise in osteocalcin, significant lowering in body weight, BMI and there were no significant changes in serum calcium, NTX-1, Vitamin D, HbA1C and fasting blood glucose, all as compared with the control value. Conclusions: the 3 months of oral Taurine are used in type II diabetic patients may modulate bone mineralization represented by elevation of osteocalcin and reduction of body weight, but has no significant effect on glycemic control and did not reduce HbA1C%.

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