Respiratory diseases in calves are responsible for major economic losses in both beef and dairy production. Several viruses, such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (BPI-3V), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine adenoviruses (BAV), are detected in most clinical cases with respiratory signs. The aim of this study is to define seroprevalences of five major viral causes of bovine respiratory infections in cattle in central region of Iran (Esfahan province). The population targeted was 642 dairy cows (Holstein-Friesian) from 25 farms. Samples of blood serum from female cattle were examined. Sera were tested by commercial ELISA kits to detect antibody against BRSV, BoHV-1, BPI-3V, BVDV, and BAV-3. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test. In the present study, seroprevalences of BRSV, BoHV-1, PI3V, BVDV, and BAV-3 were 51.1%, 72%, 84.4%, 49.2%, and 55.6%, respectively. The present study shows that infections of bovine respiratory viruses are very common in cattle in Esfahan.
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is an exogenous C-type oncovirus in the Retroviridae family. It causes significant economic losses associated with the costs of control and eradication programs due to carcass condemnation at slaughter and restrictions of export of cattle and semen to importing countries. The main objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence of BLV infection in cattle herds in central region of Iran (Isfahan province) using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect serum antibodies against BLV. Samples of blood serum were collected from 403 female dairy cattle (Holstein-Friesian) from 21 livestock farms and 303 animals (81.9%) were BLV seropositive. A significant association was found between age as a potential risk factor and BVL seroprevalence with animals ≥ 4 years (86.6%) having a significantly (χ(2) = 35.6, p < 0.001) higher seroprevalence compared to those < 4 years (54.2%). We found no significant statistical association between seroprevalence and pregnancy, lactation status and farming systems as potential risk factors in this study (p > 0.1). It is concluded that BLV infection is a very common problem in the study area. Hence, control measures should be instituted to combat the disease and further studies are required to investigate the impact of this disease on dairy production in the country.
Background: One of the most important complications of toxoplasmosis is its early diagnosis. It seems that GRA7 protein can be a good candidate for detection of the acute phase in Toxoplasmosis. Accordingly, the present study aimed to diagnose toxoplasmosis via a newly immunochromatographic test using recombinant antigen gra7.
Methods:The parasite was cultured in mice and then were used for DNA extraction. The gra7 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into the pET-32a (+) plasmid. Thereafter, the recombinant vector was transferred into the Escherichia coli Rosetta strain and gra7 was detected via SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The bacterial lysate was used to purify the protein by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Anti-human gold conjugated antibody, test line and control line were injected to conjugate pad and nitrocellulose membrane, respectively, and all the layer were assembled. By using serum of patients and healthy individuals, manufactured kits were evaluated.
Results:Our results indicated that the selected gene was correctly cloned and the protein of interest was produced and purified. The test revealed sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 96.7 percent, respectively. The kit was also shown to be stable over 16 weeks in 37°C.
Conclusion:The choice of antigen based on cellular and clinical features of the parasite, as well as the use of previous outcomes yielded to develop a rapid diagnostic test for toxoplasmosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.