Members of Bacillaceae, Rhizobiaceae, actinomycetes and others were isolated from cultivated and non-cultivated saline soils. The high population of bacteria and actinomycetes were almost coincided with the relatively high levels of organic matter whatever the degree of soil salinity. Bacillus stearothermophilus and B. subtilis were more frequently isolated than other Bacillus species. Most of Rhizobium isolates were salt tolerant being able to grow in media containing 3% and 6% NaCl. The abilities of different bacterial isolates to attack citrus pectin, soluble and insoluble forms of cellulose were also tested.
A new subspecies, Ophrys holoserica (Burm.f.) Greuter subsp. shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan from the Orchidaceae family and related to the Ophrys holoserica group, is found and morphologically described as well as illustrated for the first time in Lebanon. The new subspecies share some main characteristics of Ophrys holoserica but contrasts in many taxonomic and morphological details such as the size of the flower (smaller), color of the labellum (blur yellow from up and very light brow from down), outlook (the whole flower is super fine) and habitat. The study discusses, examines, and offers taxonomic description, pertinent information, and photographs found all over 10 years of field work. It also includes observations, fresh collection, and one holotype.
Two new species and one subspecies (novo) from the Orchideaceae family related to Orchis anatolica group are found for the first time in Lebanon, Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P. Delforge in Mount Lebonon, Orchis troodi (Renz) P. Delforge and Orchis anatolica subsp. albiflora Subsp. Novo K.Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan in both Mount and North Lebanon. Morphologically, these species (wrt P. Delforge) resemble Orchis anatolica, but differ in some taxonomic and other details such as the size of the flower, color of sepals and growth altitude. The study discusses, examines, and provides taxonomic description and pertinent information photographs founded all over 16 years of field work. Observations, fresh collections, two specimens and one holotype are also included.
The Rubus loganobaccus L. variety is a hybrid produced from a cross between Rubus idaeus and Rubus ursinus, which is well-known for its exatic distinguished fruits. However, a commercial cost-effective multiplication method has not been introduced yet, which micropropagation as a reliable technique could be an efficient economic procedure to generate uniform plant materials. In this case, an experiment carried out using plant buds explants the most appropriate disinfection treatments found out to be 1 to 5 min in 0.1% mercuric chloride in which healthy buds grew with no fungal/bacterial contamination. The highest rooting percentage (96.66%) and the lowest rooting percentage (60%) were observed in concentrations of phytohormones in MS +BA( 1 mg∙L-1) IBA + (0.1 mg∙L-1) and MS + 2ip (1 mg∙L-1) + IBA (0.1 mg∙L-1), respectively. The maximum and the minimum average root length were 3 cm and 1 cm, respectively. In the acclimatization stage of the plant root, the maximum percentage of survived and fresh pots 96.43%, the maximum average number of branching 8.73, the minimum average number of branching 3.13 in treatments MS + BA( 1 mg∙L-1) + IBA(0.1 mg∙L-1) and hormonefree MS medium, respectively, the maximum branch length 5.22 cm, and the minimum branch length 1.71 cm in MS + 2ip (2 mg∙L-1) + IBA (0.1 mg∙L-1) and AN + BA (1 mg∙L-1) + IBA (0.1 mg∙L-1), respectively, were observed. Overall, this protocol comperhensively addresses the whole process of micropropagation and can be further be used in commercial propagation of Rubus loganobaccus and produce plant materials with superior advantages over conventional methods.
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