Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputter deposition (MSD) have been used to prepare different types of Mo/Si multilayers for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range. In the case of PLD prepared Mo/Si multilayers the deposition of 0.3-0.5 nm thick carbon barrier layers at the interfaces leads to a substantial improvement of the interface quality. This can be deduced from Cu-Kα reflectivity measurements and HRTEM observations. Consequently the EUV reflectivity has been substantially increased. For pure Mo/Si-multilayers prepared by MSD the deposition parameters have been optimized so that a normal incidence reflectivity of R EUV = 68.7% could be realized. Although this is one of the best experimental results achieved so far, there is still a gap between this experimental value and the theoretical limit (R EUV = 75.5%). One of the main reasons for this discrepancy is the formation of intermixing zones at the interfaces. With B 4 C and C barrier layers at the interfaces interdiffusion can be reduced. The resulting EUV reflectivity of this new type of EUV multilayers is 69.8% (λ = 13.42 nm, α = 1.5 •) and 71.4% (λ = 12.52 nm, α = 22.5 •).

The most promising concept for deep fuelling a reactor is by the injection of compact toroid (CT) plasmoids. The first results showing CT fuelling of a tokamak plasma, without any adverse perturbation t o the tokamak discharge, are reported. The Compact Toroid Fueller (CTF) device was used to inject a CT-spheromak plasmoid into the TdeV tokamak. Following the CT penetration, the tokamak particle inventory increased by 16%, the loop voltage and the plasma current did not change, and there was no increase in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity. The number of injected impurities was low and dominated by non-metallic elements. The plasma diamagnetic energy and the energy confinement time increased by more than 35%.

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