As a consequence of its statistical nature, the measurement of the laser-induced damage threshold holds always risks to over- or underestimate the real threshold value. As one of the established measurement procedures, the results of S-on-1 (and 1-on-1) tests outlined in the corresponding ISO standard 21 254 depend on the amount of data points and their distribution over the fluence scale. With the limited space on a test sample as well as the requirements on test site separation and beam sizes, the amount of data from one test is restricted. This paper reports on a way to treat damage test data in order to reduce the statistical error and therefore measurement uncertainty. Three simple assumptions allow for the assignment of one data point to multiple data bins and therefore virtually increase the available data base.
Biodeterioration of organic cultural heritage materials is a common problem. Particularly the removal of discoloration caused by fungal pigments is yet an unsolved problem in paper conservation. In the present study, cellulose (cotton and linters) and 16th century paper (rag), were incubated with several fungi types, such as Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Alternaria, Chaetomium, Aspergillus, Trichophyton, and Penicillium on agar for three weeks. Then they were immersed in 70% Ethanol for removal of hyphae and mycelia and deactivation of the remaining conidia. These specimens were laser-treated in a computer-controlled laser cleaning system with a high pulse energy diode pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm and a pulse duration of 8 ns. Colour differences were determined spectrophotometrically. Best cleaning results were observed with fungi such as Penicillium and Alternaria. Dry laser cleaning generally turned out to be superb over wet bleaching approaches.
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