The field experiment was conducted during 2013-16 at Navsari Agricultural University, Paria, Gujarat to study the role of weather parameters on population dynamics of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis on mango, Mangifera indica L. Fruit flies were recorded throughout the investigation period, wherein maximum catches were observed during April - July which coincided with fruiting and harvesting stages of the crop. Weather parameters viz., minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, rainfall and wind velocity were found to be important predictors of fruit fly catches, while maximum temperature and morning relative humidity failed to establish significant correlation with the catches. The optimized model developed using rainfall and wind velocity predicted fruit fly catches based on R2 value to the tune of 78 per cent. This forewarning model may help mango farmers to take advance decision for minimizing the quantitative and qualitative crop losses caused by fruit flies of the region.
The influence of environmental parameters on the development of powdery mildew caused by Oidium mangiferae Berthet on mango inflorescence was studied for seven consecutive years (2012-18) in humid tropics climatic conditions of South Gujarat. The disease incidence and severity (DIS), area under disease progress curve-AUDPC (A-value) and apparent infection rate (r-value) were recorded at panicle and fruit setting stages of the tree at weekly intervals. The correlation studies showed that incidence and severity of powdery mildew significantly negative relationship with morning relative humidity (r = -0.631; p<0.05 and r = -0.721; p<0.01) and average relative humidity (r = -0.766 and r = -0.787; p<0.01). Temperature (maximum and average) and evaporation showed positive relationship with incidence and severity of powdery mildew. Further, stepwise linear regression model indicated that average relative humidity as single predictor independent variable had the strongest relationship disease incidence and severity, which explained 59 percent disease incidence and 62 percent for disease severity variability. This forewarning model can be useful for efficient management of powdery mildew disease of mango and as well as agro advisory services to farmers.
The present paper presents about removal of heavy metals, agrochemicals residues through natural plants. The removal of heavy metals residues and agrochemical residues with the interception of natural plants is called phytoremediation. The advancement of applied research produced various phytoremediation plants like weed plant, aquatic plant, tree and crops. The natural plant eradicates heavy metals and agrochemicals residues through phytostabilization, rhizodegradation, rhizofilteration, phytodegradation and phytovoltalization process. The terrestrial and aquatic plant eradicates heavy metals and agrochemicals residues from soil and water. Indian mustard removes 3 fold Cd, Pb, Se and Cs radioactive metals and diesel fuel spillage. Oryza sativa L. is cereal crop, removes Cu, Cd, from contaminated soil. Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) is vegetable crop, removes Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr from contaminated soil. Cicer arientinum is pulse crop, eradicates Pb and Cr from the contaminated soil. Pea is vegetable crop plant, removes Cd from the contaminated soil. Brassica napus L. oilseed crop, removes Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb from the contaminated soil. Cajanus cajan L. is pulse crop, removes As, Cd from the contaminated soil. Cucumis sativus L. is vegetable crop, removes Pb from the contaminated water. Annual grass and broad leaf weed removes atrazine, simazine, propazine, prometryn from the soil. Chenopodium album L., Hordeum juhatum L., Panicum capillare L., Nepeta cataria L., Caedus nutans L., Poa annua an Fostuca sp. removes atrazine, phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium. The phytoremediation plant recovers natural resources and restricts outbreak of diseases in the nature. Further, the scientific studies and research may build products of phytoremediation controlled plants for removing heavy metal and agrochemicals residue from the soil.
A field experiment was conducted to study the residual effect of integrated nutrient management in little millet on production potential of succeeding green gram crop under little millet-green gram cropping system. The residual effect of 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost to Kharif little millet reported the significant effect on growth, yield attributes, seed and stover yields of succeeding green gram followed by 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through biocompost. Application of 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost recorded maximum plant height at 60 DAS (52.08 cm) and at harvest (75.07 cm), maximum number of branches per plant at harvest (5.00), dry matter accumulation per plant (26.56 g), seed index (3.39 g) seed yield (991 kg/ha) and stover yield (2513 kg/ha). Thus, application of 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost along with a recommended dose of 40 kg P 2 O 5 reported the promising residual effect on growth, yield and yield attributing characters of succeeding green gram in little millet-green gram cropping sequence.
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