(2015) and Young et al. (2016). GDAS reanalysis meteorology (Global Data Assimilation System; NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA) was used to simulate the 3D wind fields; however, turbulent motions are not resolved by the model and therefore some uncertainty is attached to the modelled trajectories (Fleming et al. 2012). A sample of trajectories modelled over the sea ice (red), MIZ (magenta) and ocean (blue) are shown. Sea ice concentration from the NSIDC is shown in colour, with the ocean and sea ice depicted in blue and yellow respectively. Sea ice data at the north pole are not included.
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