In this paper the effect of various vegetable oils on pollutant emissions of
biodiesel blends with gasoil in a furnace is studied experimentally. The
exhaust gas temperature and emissions of CO, NOx and SO2 are measured by an
R-type thermocouple and TESTO 350-XL gas analyzer respectively. The oil of
soybean, sunflower, canola and corn are used in transesterification process
of biodiesel. The results show that maximum of temperature, NOx emission and
SO2 emission are achieved for the combustion of sunflower methyl ester and
corn methyl ester blends with gasoil in contrast with combustion of soybean
methyl ester and canola methyl ester blends with gasoil. Also the minimum of
CO emission is reached for combustion of these fuels.
Applying the computational fluid dynamic model (CFD), which can simulate the effect of freezing on meat properties, will help to save in time and cost. Especially when predicting the time for freezing the product with certain thermal properties. In this paper, CFD models created in two-dimensional in order to simulate the cooling process in terms freezing tunnel of refrigerator. Obtained Numerical results were compared with experimental data. The geometric of fish meat has been modeled and required time for freezing each of them has been obtained and compared with together. The storage temperature of each of meat was found from tables and handbooks and applied in simulation. The level of freezing in different times has been presented in temperature and freezing mass fraction counters. This condition validates by comparing the experimental and obtained data for fish meat. In addition, it is noticeable that freezing temperature for various meats is different from each other. In addition, the geometric of beef has been modeled and required time for freezing each of them has been obtained and compared with together. The level of freezing in different times has been presented in temperature counters.
Needs for buoyancy driven ventilation appear in a variety of engineering applications, ranging from cooling of electronic components to cooling of nuclear reactor fuel elements. Hence, it becomes crucial to optimize the natural convection heat transfer as far as possible. If the fins are properly designed, they become very attractive for these applications since they offer an economical, trouble-free solution to the problem. This paper reports an experimental and numerical study of natural convection heat transfer from rectangular fin arrays on a vertical base. An experimental setup was constructed and calibrated; six sets of fin-arrays and a base plate without fins were tested in atmosphere. A correlation was presented relating the convection heat transfer rate of fin arrays relative to that for base plate without fins with the relevant non-dimensional parameters. In order to improve the natural convection heat transfer rate, air gap was used for the optimum fin spacing.
Carbon black has been widely used in industry, especially in rubber and plastic production. The present study is concerned with measuring and simulating the carbon black formation process in Propane-air and Acetylene-Air diffusion flames. The carbon black concentrations in the furnace have been measured by means of a soot pump and gravimetric method. The flue gas analysis is also done by means of Testo XL-350 Gas Analyzer. The numerical predictions are carried out with the CFD code, Fluent. The chemical reaction formulation relates the production of the carbon black to the incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of propane and Acetylene as both the main gas and the feedstock. The effects of feedstock mass flow rate, the position of feedstock injection, the feedstock material and the shape of the furnace on carbon black are studied. The results show the effect of temperature on soot and carbon black formation in which as the temperature increases the soot and carbon black mass fraction is also increased. The results also show that as the feedstock mass flow rate increases the formation of the carbon black is increased up to point where the mass flow rate of feed stock is three times greater than the mass flow rate of the main gas and after that the carbon black production rate starts decreasing because of the decreasing of temperature due to cold fuel injection to the furnace. The position of feedstock injection affects the mixing process of air and fuel, and complete mixing causes the temperature to be increased. The injection of feedstock in the pre-combustion zone influences the maximum of the flame temperature. As the hydrocarbon initially pyrolyzes to acetylene and afterwards acetylene breaks into soot and carbon black in the present study acetylene is used as feedstock, the results show huge increasing of soot and carbon black mass fraction in the products. The results also show that predictions and the experimental measurements are in good agreement.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.