Our cases support the assumption of familiality in CCHS although the mode of inheritance remains to be clarified. Polygraphic recordings including capnography should be performed in siblings of CCHS patients early in life in order to avoid secondary complications. Noninvasive treatment by ventilation via special face masks is feasible.

We present a case of extralobar pulmonary sequestration between the left lower lobe and diaphragm with an unusual arterial blood supply and venous drainage. Angiography revealed a large systemic artery arising from the left subclavian artery. The venous return paralleled this anomalous artery and drained into the left subclavian vein. This case illustrates the wide anatomic variability of such complex bronchovascular anomalies. Careful preoperative evaluation of both the arterial supply and venous drainage is important to avoid intraoperative complications. Angiography provides clear definition of these abnormal vascular structures, which is essential for appropriate therapeutic management.

A pediatric consensus report on allergen-specific immunotherapy for children and adolescents is presented for Austria. Products on the market in Austria are presented and categorised according to studies performed on the target population of children and adolescents, their effectiveness and indication. In general, more clinical studies on children and adolescents are mandatory for most of the available allergen-specific immunotherapeutics. In addition, the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy in general should be promoted as the exclusive treatment with long-lasting effects in type I allergies in particular in children.