Summary. A livid, sharply defined enanthema of the oral mucosa with ulcerations on the soft palate in a patient presenting with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with prolonged, therapy‐induced granulocytopenia (lt 0.5 nl‐1 for 113 days!) was diagnosed as geotrichosis. Geotrichum capitatum was identified both in vivo and in vitro. Pneumonic infiltrates in the upper lobes of both lungs were treated with amphotericin B infusions. Healing of the aforementioned enanthema was only achieved after addition of 5‐fluorocytosine to therapy. Susceptibility determinations with several Geotrichum capitatum isolates led to the conclusion that amphotericin B was unsuitable as a therapeutic agent in this case. 5‐Fluorcytosine and itraconazole exhibited superior antifungal and antimycotic activity. Zusammenfassung. Ein livides, scharf begrenztes Enanthem der Mundschleimhaut mit Ulzerationen am weichen Gaumen bei einer de novo akuten myeloischen Leukämie mit extrem langer, therapiebedingter Granulozytopenie (lt 0.5 nl‐1über 113 Tage!) wird als Geotrichose angesehen. Geotrichum capitatum wurde in vivo und in vitro nachgewiesen. Pneumonische Infiltrate in beiden Lungenoberlappen waren Anlaß zu einer Infusionstherapie mit Amphotericin B. Eine Abheilung des obengenannten Enanthems wurde allerdings erst nach Umstellung der Therapie auf 5–Fluorcytosin‐Infusionen erzielt. Resistenzbestimmungen mit mehreren Isolaten hinterließen den Eindruck, daß Amphotericin B als Therapeutikum hier nicht geeignet war. 5–Fluorcytosin und Itraconazol zeigten einen besseren antimyzetischen Effekt und antimykotische Wirksamkeit.

In this paper a new fungus species, Exophiala mesophila Listemann et Freiesleben, is described. The species was isolated from silicone seals in the shower room of a hospital ward.

The unusual case of an oesophagitis caused by Candida kefyr in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx is reported. The further implementation of C. kefyr in the production of milk products is discussed.

In a prospective study, 29 patients were observed over a period of 42 weeks for signs of oral candidosis (OC), immunological parameters and other typical AIDS-related events. Before the study started, no OC was observed in any of the patients. During the observation period, OC was diagnosed in 12 of the 29 patients (41%). 5 of these 12 patients (42%) developed full-blown AIDS during the 42 weeks. In contrast, a progression to AIDS was observed in only 1 of the 17 patients (5.9%) without OC. The laboratory findings for patients with and without OC showed statistically significant differences for neopterin (23.6 against 14.4 nmol l-1), CD4 counts (417 against 763/mm3) and CD4/CD8 ratios (0.45 against 0.85). Based on these results, it seems justifiable to consider prophylactic measures such as pentamidine inhalation and/or treatment with zidovudine in HIV-infected patients with immunodeficiency and occurrence of OC.

Zusammenfassung. Candidose, Cryptococcose und Histoplasmose treten haufig als HIV‐assoziierte Mykosen auf. Aber auch die Aspergdose wird in jiingerer Zeit beobachtet. Die Morphologie der Erreger HIV‐assoziierter Mykosen in vivo und in vitro wird im Bild demonstriert und kommentiert. Summary. Candidosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis often occur as HIV‐associated mycoses. However, aspergdlosis can be observed quite recently. The morphology of the pathogen of HIV‐associated mycoses in vivo and in vitro is demonstrated and discussed.