The broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN) based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology can support a wide range of applications such as voice, video, still images, and data. Compression techniques increase the effective bandwidth utilization, but the bursty and asynchronous nature of the traffic can still lead to congestion in the network, and degradation of image quality and quality of service (QOS). Some of the features to provide better coding schemes for ATM networks are layered coding, resynchronization, buffering, interleaved schemes, constrained bit rate due to buffers, encapsulation with the RTP or AAL1 for clock recovery, lapped transforms, motion compensation, and optimal bit allocation for coders based on wavelet transforms. We review various techniques for image and video coding such as transforms, motion compensation, vector quantization, and subband coding. We outline the impact of the cell loss ratio (CLR), delay and cell delay variation (CDV) on video coding: blocking effects, loss of frame synchronization, motion vectors, and vector quantization codewords. The open problems include tuning coding parameters to the available QOS provided by the network.
AbstTact-We define the requirements of a generic software platform for signaling and network management in a local ATM network. Based on these requirements, we compare some implementations, namely, VINCE, Q.port and X U N E T , and conclude that none of these implementations provide a coimplete separation of the switching hardware and the signalling software. We select VINCE as our platform, since i t is highly modular in design, scalable in architecture, c'ompliant with the standards, and allows interworking of IP traffic. To separate the call processing from the switching hardware, we modify the VINCE implementation and define a Switch Controller-Switch Manager (SCSM) architecture, which makes it portable across different switching, hardware platforms. This allows flexible configuration of call processing, facilitates easy upgrading of the call processing hardware, and service integration. Our implementation of SCSM in a local ATM network indicates that the SC--SM partitioning overhead is negligible. We discuss efficient SCSM implementation issues such as event handling, OS, layer management, buffer management, and integration of network management with signaling.
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