The present experiment investigated the effects of subliminal psychodynamic stimuli on anxiety as measured by heart rate. Following an anxiety-inducing task, male and female subjects were tachistoscopically shown, at their subjective thresholds, one of five subliminal stimuli, MOMMY AND I ARE ONE, DADDY AND I ARE ONE (symbiotic messages). MOMMY HAS LEFT ME (abandonment message), I AM HAPPY AND CALM (positively toned but nonsymbiotic phrase), or MYMMO NAD I REA ENO (control stimulus). It was hypothesized that men would exhibit a greater decrease in heart rate after exposure to the MOMMY stimulus than the control message. No definitive predictions were made for women. The abandonment phrase was expected to increase heart rate. A positively toned message was included to assess whether its effects would be comparable to those hypothesized for the MOMMY message. The results yielded no significant effects for stimulus or gender and so provided no support for the hypotheses.
ABSTIIACTThe effect of a new peripherally acting @~n s c l e relaxant drug, Dantrium8, on spasticity was tested on 8 patients with a clear multiple sclerosis o r with a long-standing spastic paraparesis suggestive of multiple sclerosis. The effect was evaluated both with regular clinical examination and with elcctromyographic technique. The latter concerned a quantitative analysis of the patient's ability to voluntarily control fine neuromuseular activity both with and without the drug. The results indicated that the spasticity was markedly reduced in 5 patients out of 8. In 3 eases the spasticity was slightly reduced or there was no effect at all. In most cases the patients were tired and dizzy during the first days of medication. N o other side effects whatsoever were noted. Electromyographically it was found that the ability of the patients to control fine neuromuscular activity was increased with Dantrium, indicating that the reduction of the spasticity increased the ability for fine control of the muscles. It is suggested that the EMG test used in this study for the ability to voluntarily control neuromuscular inhibition and activity could be used as an objective experimental procedure for evaluating anti-spastic drugs.
Forty‐eight 7‐ to 8‐year‐old children who had been diagnosed prior to 48 months of age as being developmentally motor delayed and had received therapy for their delay were followed up and assessed for motor, intellectual, and psychological development as well as for self‐perceived competence and school achievement. These children were found to be significantly inferior on all of these variables, except for self‐competence, when compared with matched nondelayed controls. Those delayed children who had begun treatment prior to 24 months of age demonstrated significantly greater gains in motor function at follow‐up, had significantly higher IQs, performed better at school, and participated in more peer‐related activities than did the delayed children who began treatment after 24 months. This study supports the hypotheses that (1) young children diagnosed as being developmentally motor delayed demonstrate subsequent intellectual and psychological problems when in the primary grades and (2) that the age at onset of intervention therapy for the delay is significantly related to outcome (benefit of therapy).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.