A flock of 7-week-old broiler chickens in northwestern Arkansas showed signs of respiratory distress. Gross pathologic alterations were excessive exudate in the tracheas and congestion of the nasal turbinates. An adenovirus was isolated from fresh trachea specimens. Microscopically, alterations in tracheal sections were thickened mucosa with inflammatory-cell lamina-proprial infiltrate and epithelial squamous metaplasia. Protozoan parasites present on the epithelial surface were identified by electron microscopy as Cryptosporidium spp. These organisms were attached to the tracheal mucosa epithelium and the luminal surface of mucous glands. The significance of the intercurrent adenovirus infection was not determined.
Ten strains of adenovirus representing 10 serotypes were administered intratracheally to two groups of 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Birds in group 1 were given only adenovirus. Birds in group 2 were inoculated with a virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by eye-drop at one day of age as well as with the adenovirus at 3 weeks. The chicks were examined daily. Respiratory rales were observed in some birds with the dual infection. Gross pathologic alterations were minimal and limited to multiple scattered, pale foci in the lungs of an occasional bird in various groups. Histopathologic changes in the lungs were those of multifocal interstitial and, occasionally, diffuse pneumonia. The pneumonic lesions were more severe in the chickens given IBDV. Tracheitis was seen with two of the serotypes.
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